3种体育锻炼方式对对立违抗性障碍（倾向）儿童的情绪及行为的影响

Effects of 3 Physical Exercises on the Mood and Behavior of Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder

探索体育锻炼对对立违抗性障碍(oppositional defiant disorder,以下简称ODD)(倾向)儿童情绪及行为的影响。方法:30名ODD(倾向)儿童被分入3组:排球组(n=10)、八段锦组(n=10)及排球-八段锦交替组(n=10),接受为期8周的干预。干预前、后及随访期使用破坏性行为障碍问卷、Buss-Perry攻击性量表、Conners教师评价量表及儿童-家长关系量表进行评价。被试同时接受神经电生理(GoStop冲动任务)测试,唾液5-羟色胺(5-HT)、5-羟基吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)测定。结果:1)八段锦可缓解易激惹心境、愤怒及怨恨情绪(P<0.05),但对敌意态度影响未见显著(P>0.05)。排球锻炼尽管能改善敌意态度(P<0.05),但会进一步加重易激惹心境、好争论或(和)违抗行为及愤怒情绪(P<0.05)。排球-八段锦交替锻炼仅能改善愤怒情绪及敌意态度(P<0.05)。2)排球组在Stop任务中失抑制率呈上升趋势,在Go任务中反应次数呈下降趋势;八段锦组在Stop任务中反应次数及失抑制率均明显降低。排球-八段锦交替组在Stop任务中失抑制率呈先上升后下降趋势。3)经锻炼,仅八段锦组5-HT浓度显著升高(P<0.05)。除排球组外,其他2组5-HIAA浓度均显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:1)排球运动可能不适合ODD(倾向)儿童;2)八段锦及排球-八段锦交替锻炼在改善ODD(倾向)儿童对立违抗情绪及行为方面效果相当,且可能与提升5-HT及5-HIAA表达水平有关;3)建议怨恨情绪更显著的ODD(倾向)儿童选择八段锦,敌意、易激惹表现更显著的ODD(倾向)儿童选择排球-八段锦交替锻炼。

Objective:To investigate the effects of physical exercise on emotions and behaviors among children with oppositional defiant disorder(ODD).Methods:Thirty ODD/ODD-propensity children received 8-week physical exercise after being divided into three groups:volleyball group(n=10),Baduanjin group(n=10)and volleyball-Baduanjin alternating group(n=10).The Disruptive Behavior Disorders Questionnaire,Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire,Conners’Teacher Rating Scale and Child-Parent Relationship Scale were used for assessing outcomes at pre-and post-intervention as well as during follow-up.In addition,neuroelectrophysiological testing‘Go Stop impulse task’,and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),5-hydroxyindole acetic acid(5-HIAA)and Norepinephrine in saliva were tested.Results:1)Baduanjin had a significant short-term effect on mitigating irritability,anger and resentment(P<0.05)but not on improving hostility(P>0.05).Volleyball might further aggravate irritability,controversy/defiant behaviors and anger among(P<0.05),though it was effective in alleviating hostility(P<0.05).Volleyball-Baduanjin alternating exercise was only effective in reducing anger and hostility(P<0.05).2)The percentages of loss-inhibited responses increased in each‘Stop’task while the number of responses decreased in the‘Go’task in the volleyball group.A decline was observed in both the number of responses and the percentages of loss-inhibited responses in the’Stop’task of the Baduanjin group.The percentages of loss-inhibited responses in the‘Stop’task of the volleyball-Baduanjin alternating group showed a trend of rising first and then decreasing.3)After intervention,the concentration of5-HT was only increased in the Baduanjin group(P<0.05).Except for the volleyball group,the concentrations of 5-HIAA in other two groups were significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusions:1)Volleyball exercise may not be eligible for ODD children.2)Baduanjin and volleyball-Baduanjin alternating exercise show similar effects in improving emotions and behaviors among ODD children,and this beneficial effect might attribute to the exercise-induced elevation of 5-HT and 5-HIAA expressions.3)We recommend ODD children with more resentful emotions choose Baduanjin,and those with more hostile attitudes choose volleyball-Baduanjin alternating exercise.