应然与实然：VAR系统介入足球比赛判罚的正当性考量

Ideal and Reality: Justified Consideration on VAR System’s Intervention in Football Matches Penalty

VAR系统介入足球比赛判罚问题已成为世界足坛关注的焦点。以2018年俄罗斯世界杯为典型案例,采用录像分析和逻辑分析相结合的方式,对VAR系统介入足球比赛判罚的正当性进行应然与实然分析。可以认为:VAR系统具有保障竞赛主体权益、树立足球裁判权威、确保竞赛结果公正的目的正当性,为国际足联彰显体育竞赛公平竞争理念提供了工具与方法。同时,针对VAR系统应用中存在的辅助性定位与主导性结果、集权性使用与合理性申诉、公正性诉求与适度性介入等矛盾,提出我国职业联赛中应用VAR系统的建议:细化VAR系统介入足球比赛判罚的向度与限度;合理分配VAR系统使用权限;进一步提升裁判队伍的业务能力;加强舆论引导,净化足球产业发展舆论环境等。

The issue of VAR system involvement in football match penalty has become a focus topic in the world.With the combination of video analysis and logical analysis,this paper takes 2018 FIFA World Cup as a typical case to make real and ideal analysis on the justice of VAR system’s involvement in football matches penalty.It is found that the VAR system is justified for the purpose of protecting the rights and interests of the players,safeguarding the authority of football referees,and ensuring fair results of the competitions.It provides the means and methods for FIFA to highlight the concept of fair competition in football matches.Meanwhile,on account of the contradictions in the application of VAR system,such as contradictions between auxiliary positioning and dominant results,centralized use and reasonable appeal,as well as fairness appeal and moderate intervention,the suggestion of applying VAR system in Chinese professional league is proposed:refine the dimension and limitation of VAR system’s intervention in football match penalty;reasonably allocate VAR system using rights;further enhance the professional competence of the referee team;and implement the guidance of public opinion and create a sound ecological environment for football development.