“能”和“会”的情态语义比较

Comparison of Modal Semantics between Neng and Hui

分析了“能”和“会”的情态语义,发现“能”作为认识情态动词时表示可能,“会”表示盖然,“会”的主观性比“能”高,“会”可以和语气词“的”连用;“能”在动力情态中比“会”多出条件和用途义,当有恢复某种能力或达到某种效率或句中有隐含程度、数量等限定时,两者不能换用;“能”作道义情态动词时表示许可,“会”表示承诺,这也是其不能换用的原因。同时,“能”和“会”的情态语义差异还可从句法环境见端倪。

The modal semantics of Neng and Hui are analyzed.It is found that the situation that they can not be exchanged is mostly related to the modal semantics.Neng is understanding epistemic modality which means[may],while Hui demonstrates[cap],the subjectivity of Hui is higher than Neng,and it can be used with the modal paticles De.In dynamic mode,Neng has more meanings of“condition”and“use”than Hui.For example,When there is a certain ability to restore or achieve a certain efficiency,or there is a limit of implied degree and quantity in the sentence,they cannot be replaced each other.The difference of modal semantics between Neng and Hui can also be seen from its syntactic environment.