我国口岸动物疫病传入途径与防控对策

Introduction Pathways of Animal Diseases at Ports of China and Relevant Countermeasures

外来动物疫病防控是国家动物防疫工作的重要环节,对保障公共卫生、维护生态安全起着重要作用。当前,我国口岸动物疫病疫情复杂、风险隐患多、防控压力大。本文从我国动物疫病口岸防控现状、主要传入途径以及防控对策3个方面进行了综述。分析认为口岸动物疫病主要通过活动物和动物产品进口、走私、人员携带、邮寄、边境贸易以及媒介、生物迁徙等途径传入,因此需要通过加强风险分析和检疫准入、加强指定口岸建设和管理、强化口岸检疫防疫能力建设以及提高检疫处理的科学化和市场化水平等途径,防止动物疫病从口岸传入,保障国内畜禽养殖业发展和公共卫生安全。本文为口岸动物疫病防控措施和政策的制定提供了参考。

As an important part of national plan for animal disease prevention,the prevention and control of exotic animal diseases has been playing a key role in safeguarding public health and maintaining ecological security. At present,the bio-safety at ports of China has been challenged by complex outbreaks and various potential risks of animal diseases,and the pressure of controlling major exotic diseases is high. In this paper,current status of disease prevention and control at ports,main introduction pathways and countermeasures were summarized. It was analyzed that the diseases were mainly introduced via import of live animals and animal products,smuggling,personnel carrying,mailing,trade across border,movement of vectors and creatures,etc.,then it was proposed to prevent animal diseases from invading via ports by the countermeasures including strengthening risk analysis and quarantine access,improving construction and management of designated ports,enhancing capacity of disease prevention,inspection and quarantine,and increasing scientific and market-oriented level of quarantine methods,so as to safeguard the development of livestock and poultry industry and safety of public health. In addition,some references were provided to formulate measures and policies for prevention and control of animal diseases at ports.