社区孕妇孕前体重自我管理和一般自我效能状况调查

Survey of weight self-management and general self-efficacy status of pregnant women before pregnancy in the community

目的:分析孕妇孕前体重自我管理和一般自我效能的现状以及影响孕前体重控制的因素。方法:以2017年1月至2018年4月在上海市某社区早孕建册的833名孕妇为研究对象,按照体重指数(BMI)分为孕前体重正常组(595名)和孕前超重肥胖组(238名)。采用孕前体重管理问卷和一般自我效能量表(GSES)进行调查。结果:本次研究对象中,孕前体重正常孕妇的一般自我效能感平均分高于孕前超重或肥胖组(2.71±0.56比2.57±0.62,P=0.003);Logistic回归分析显示:年龄大、主要零食为蜜饯、吃夜宵频率高、不注重营养搭配、经产妇是孕前超重肥胖的危险因素,一般自我效能感高、文化程度高、外地户籍、平时进餐规律是孕前超重或肥胖的保护因素。结论:社区医生需利用社区资源,筛选出具有孕前超重肥胖高危风险的女性,并给予有针对性的合理饮食、运动及心理干预和指导,控制孕前体重。

Objective:To analyze the weight self-management and general self-efficacy status of pregnant women before pregnancy and the factors influencing weight control before pregnancy.Methods:Eight hundred and thirty-three pregnant women who registered early pregnancy in a community in Shanghai from January 2017 to April 2018 were taken as the research objects,and according to body mass index(BMI)they were divided into a normal pre-pregnancy weight group with 595 cases and a prepregnancy overweight and obesity group with 238 cases.The pre-pregnancy weight management questionnaire and general selfefficacy scale(GSES)were used to investigate.Results:Among the objects surveyed in this study,the average score of general self-efficacy of pregnant women with normal weight before pregnancy was higher than that of the pre-pregnancy overweight or obese group(2.71±0.56 vs.2.57±0.62,P=0.003);Logistic regression analysis showed that:the older,candied fruits as main snacks,high frequency of eating night snack,no attention to nutrition matching and postpartum women were the risk factors for overweight and obesity before pregnancy,and high general self-efficacy,high level of education,non local household registration and regular meals were the protective factors of overweight or obesity before pregnancy.Conclusion:Community doctors need to use community resources to screen out women who are at high risk of overweight and obesity before pregnancy,and give targeted and reasonable diet,exercise and psychological intervention and guidance to control the weight before pregnancy.