一流学科建设高校学科治理的实践困境与改进思考

Disciplinary Governance in the Universities of First-class Discipline Construction: Plights in Practice and Ways of Improvement

学科治理是指高校基于现代大学治理理念,围绕学科建设确立的制度、规则和权力作用机制等。学科治理包括自治和共治两个维度,自治是指高校拥有学科治理的自主权,并遵循知识生产和运行的本质规律进行治理;共治是指高校与外界力量(如政府、市场、社会等)对学科建设进行合作治理。一流学科建设高校的学科治理实践困境在于:从共治维度看,高校学科治理的制度环境受制于行政逻辑的束缚,尤其是项目制对"绩效合法性"追求带来的双重影响;从自治维度看,主要源于学术权力与行政权力之间的冲突。改进一流学科建设高校的学科治理可从以下方面着力:一是依法治理,重构府校关系,实现政府宏观统筹与高校学科自治的有机统一;二是开放治理,学科逻辑和应用逻辑并重,在与经济社会互动中推进学科发展;三是协同治理,推动学术权力与行政权力之间横向互动和上下互动。

Disciplinary governance refers to a set of systems, regulations and mechanism of applying power stipulated around disciplinary construction based on the governance philosophy of modern universities. It involves both self-governance and co-governance. While universities may have the autonomy in disciplinary governance, they may also implement coordinated governance by cooperating with such external forces as government, market and society. At the dimension of co-governance, universities may find their disciplinary governance subject to the constraint of administrative logic, especially the dual impact of project system on the pursuit of "performance legitimacy". At the dimension of self-governance, they may be trapped in the conflicts between academic power and administrative power. Efforts can be made in the following three aspects to go out of the plights. Firstly, disciplinary governance should be based on the laws. With this premise the government-university relation should be reconstructed so as to accomplish the organic unity of governmental macro control and university disciplinary autonomy. The second is to carry out open governance with balanced stress on both disciplinary and applicational logic, promoting disciplinary development in its interaction with the economy and society. Thirdly, the horizontal and vertical interaction should be encouraged between academic and administrative power to realize the coordinated governance.