乡村旅游扶贫中“乡村性”的解构与重构——基于后现代主义的案例研究

Deconstruction and Reconstruction of “Rurality” in Rural Tourism Poverty Alleviation:A Case Study Based on Postmodernism

乡村性是乡村旅游开发的核心吸引力,也是乡村旅游实现可持续发展的关键要素之一.在扶贫攻坚多样化形式的驱动下,强化乡村旅游的扶贫功能在一定程度上导致了乡村旅游的核心吸引力--"乡村性"的流失.基于后现代主义视角,从乡村性空间和乡村性景观两方面对"乡村性"进行解构,得出生活空间空心化,传统产业结构的破碎,人口结构失调及自然环境破环,社会结构转变,乡土文化的流失导致了乡村性流失问题的产生.结合安徽省潜山县天寺村旅游扶贫的案例,指出后现代旅游者的消费心理和行为对乡村旅游供需的重要影响,揭示了在乡村振兴和精准扶贫的历史契机下,基于教育文化事业和农业现代化的发展,文化意向的保护及可持续旅游的发展是"乡村性"重构的关键.后现代主义为传统乡村性向新乡村性转变提供了理论依据和实践导向,有助于旅游与扶贫协同发展的乡村旅游与其在一定程度上的平衡,是我国乡村旅游在经济硬性发展的前提下开拓的一种对"新乡村性"的解读.

Based on the perspective of post-modernism,the deconstruction of"rurality"is done from the two aspects of rural space and rural landscapes.It finds the following problems:the hollowing out of living space,the fragmentation of traditional industrial structure,the imbalance of population structure and the destruction of the natural environment,and the transformation of social structure.The loss of local culture has led to the loss of rurality.Through a careful examination of the case of tourism poverty alleviation in Tiansi Village,Qianshan County,Anhui Province,it highlighted the important influence of post-modern tourists’ consumption psychology and behavior on rural tourism supply and demand.Secondly,it reveals that with the historical opportunity of rural revitalization and precise poverty alleviation,based on educational and cultural undertakings and agriculture,the development of modernization,the protection of cultural intentions and the development of sustainable tourism are the key to the reconstruction of"rurality".Postmodernism provides a theoretical basis and practical orientation for the transformation of traditional rural nature into a new rural nature.The rural tourism that contributes to the coordinated development of tourism and poverty alleviation has to be kept in balance to a certain extent.It is an interpretation of the"new rurality"that is developed under the premise of a substantial economic development of country tourism.