国际经验对我国生态保护红线管理的启示

Enlightenment of International Experience on the Management of China’s Ecological Conservation Red Line

中国在2011年正式提出生态保护红线战略,其主要目的是识别出最重要的生态系统,并实施严格保护。作为促进生态文明建设重要内容之一的生态保护红线的管理工作就显得尤其重要。美国和日本对生态保护地的管理形成了完善的法律法规体系,适合自身的机构管理体制,可持续的科学分区管理。欧盟则形成了纵横结合的生态网络管理体制。通过学习与借鉴美国、日本和欧盟对生态保护地的管理特点和经验,针对我国现行的生态保护红线管理存在的法规制度不完善以及管理部门不协同等问题,提出出台红线管理办法、对接空间规划强化管理工作、制定可持续性分区管理体制、构建以环境准入清单为抓手的纵横结合的管理监督体系等建议。

China officially proposed the ecological conservation red line strategy in 2011 to identify the most important ecosystems and implement strict protection. As an important part of promoting the construction of ecological civilization,the management of the ecological conservation red line is particularly important. The United States and Japan have formed a sound legal and regulatory system for the management of ecological protection sites,and suitable for their own institutional management system and sustainable scientific division management. And the EU has formed an ecological network management system. Through learning from the management characteristics and experience of the ecological protection places in the United States,Japan and the European Union,in view of the current imperfect laws and regulations of the ecological conservation red line,the lack of sustainability of management methods and the lack of coordination among management departments,suggestions are proposed for protecting the red line legal and regulatory system,strengthening the management of docking space planning,formulating a sustainable zoning management system and establishing a network management and supervision system with environmental access list as the starting point.