从乡土工业到园艺改革——论费孝通关于乡村振兴路径的探索

From Rural Industry to Horticulture Reform:Fei Xiaotong’s Exploration of Rural Revitalization Paths

20世纪初,基于对当时中国所处现代世界体系发展序列定位的不同认知以及由此而选取的不同比较研究对象,费孝通与理查德·H.托尼为中国的乡村振兴设计了两条不同的发展路径,前者主张以乡土工业为基点来构筑乡村的现代性,后者则强调园艺改革对乡村振兴的重要意义。在经历了系列思想转变后,晚年的费孝通也重新回归到对园艺改革的关注,希望在中国走一条乡土工业与园艺改革并举的乡村振兴道路。但无论如何,对共同体伦理的维护是乡村振兴的前提与关键。因而,重启费孝通和托尼关于中国现代化思想的比较研究,梳理费孝通关于乡村振兴路径的探索过程,不仅对理解中国社会科学的思想史具有理论价值,还对理解中国的乡村振兴策略具有重要的现实意义。

In the early 20 th century, based on the different cognitions of the sequence of the development of China in the modern world system and the different selected comparative research objects, Fei Xiaotong and Richard H. Tony designed two different development paths for the rural revitalization of China. The former advocated the construction of rural modernity based on rural industry, while the latter emphasized the importance of horticultural reform for rural revitalization.With a series of changes in his thoughts, in his later years, Fei Xiaotong returned to his focus on horticultural reform in the hope that China would embark on a rural revitalization path that combined rural industry with horticultural reform. However, the maintenance of community ethics was the premise and key to rural revitalization. Therefore, restarting the comparative study of Fei Xiaotong’s and Tony’s thoughts on China’s modernization and sorting out Fei Xiaotong’s exploration of the path of rural revitalization have not only theoretical value for understanding the history of the thought of Chinese social sciences, but also practical significance for understanding China’s rural revitalization strategies.