基于政府角度的辽宁省零售药店布局分析

Analysis of Retail Pharmacy Layout in Liaoning Province Based on the Government Perspective

目的:了解辽宁省现有零售药店布局的合理性,并从政府角度对零售药店的布局合理化进行探讨。方法:通过引入覆盖半径概念,以人口数量、区域面积、零售药店数量、零售药店的店均保障人数、应有药店数(根据覆盖半径和区域面积计算得到)与现有药店数的差值以及两零售药店间的最短距离为指标,对辽宁省14个市的零售药店整体布局和沈阳市具体布局进行分析,提出优化零售药店布局的思路。结果与结论:辽宁省各市现有零售药店数量与人口数量和区域面积的相关性整体未表现出明显规律,存在一定程度的随机性。各市零售药店的店均保障人数为1917~4157人,其中营口等其余10个市零售药店的店均保障人数则低于省平均水平,朝阳等3个市的店均保障人数较多,发展空间较大。沈阳市铁西区等8个区县现有零售药店数均尚未满足消费者实际需求(现有药店数较应有药店数少2~3921家),而沈河区等3个区现有零售药店数量远远超出了应有数量(现有药店数较应有药店数多142~248家),所有区县均存在相邻零售药店间距过小的问题(距离最小值均<500 m)。辽宁省的零售药店分布不平衡,部分地区存在需求不足的情况。政府在优化零售药店布局时,应建立公平(用未覆盖的需求区域与其最近的零售药店之间的最大距离来衡量)和效率(用对现有布局的所需零售药店数与新建零售药店数之和来衡量)的双目标评价体系,分析并构建适用于符合我国国情的零售药店布局选址模型,并通过现实约束条件和客观约束条件的参数的实际情况进行考量,从而实现零售药店整体优化。

OBJECTIVE:To investigate rationality of existing retail pharmacy layout in Liaoning province,and to discuss the rationalization of retail pharmacy layout from the perspective of the government.METHODS:By introducing the concept of coverage radius,comprehensive use of population,area,number of retail pharmacies,average number of people covered by each retail pharmacy,the difference between the number of pharmacies(calculated according to the coverage radius and area)and the number of existing pharmacies,the shortest distance between two retail pharmacies as indicators,the overall retail pharmacies layout in 14 cities of Liaoning province and the specific layout of retail pharmacies in Shenyang were analyzed to put forward the idea of optimizing the retail pharmacies layout.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:The correlation of the number of existing retail pharmacies in Liaoning province with the population and land area to a certain extent showed no obvious law,with some degree randomness.The average number of people covered by each pharmacy is 1917-4157 in each city;the average number of people covered by retail pharmacies in the remaining 10 cities like Yingkou is lower than the provincial average.The average number of people covered in Chaoyang and other 3 cities is higher,with great development space.The number of existing retail pharmacies in 8 districts and counties such as Tiexi district do not meet the actual needs of consumers(the number of existing pharmacies is 2-3921 less than the number of due pharmacies),while the number of existing retail pharmacies in 3 districts such as Shenhe district far exceeds the required number(the number of existing pharmacies is 142-248 more than the number of due pharmacies).There is a problem of too small spacing between adjacent retail pharmacies(the minimum distance is less than 500 m).The distribution of retail pharmacies in Liaoning province is unbalanced,and there is insufficient demand in some areas.When optimizing of retail pharmacies layout,the government should establish a double objective evaluation system,which is fair(measured by the maximum distance between the uncovered demand area and the nearest retail pharmacies)and efficient(measured by the sum of the number of retail drugstores needed for the existing layout and the number of new retail drugstores).It is also necessary to analyze and construct a retail pharmacies location model which is suitable for China’s national conditions,and consider the actual conditions of the parameters of the actual constraints and objective constraints,so as to realize the overall optimization of retail drugstores.