南昌市某医学院学生艾滋病相关知识与行为调查

AIDS-related knowledge and behavior among students of a medical college in Nanchang City

【目的】了解医学生艾滋病相关知识知晓水平及对艾滋病感染者或病人的态度水平。【方法】采用自制问卷对南昌市某医学院的全部在校学生进行问卷调查,比较不同年级、性别和专业特征学生的艾滋病相关知识知晓率和对艾滋病感染者或病人的态度水平。【结果】共发放调查问卷1 735份,有效回收率为97. 12%。医学生艾滋病基本知识的知晓率为84. 15%,对蚊虫叮咬是否传播艾滋病的知晓率最低(64. 63%);大一、预防医学和医学检验专业的学生艾滋病基本知识知晓率较高(P<0. 05);艾滋病窗口期期限的知晓率为77. 86%,其中护理医学专业学生的知晓率较高;艾滋病窗口期传染性的知晓率为80. 36%,其中医学检验专业学生的知晓率较高(P<0. 05)。想接触、了解艾滋病感染者或病人的占33. 11%,愿意和感染了艾滋病的同学共住一个寝室的比例为15. 84%;接触、了解艾滋病感染者或病人的意愿水平不同的医学生与艾滋病感染者共住一个寝室的意愿分布差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。【结论】该校医学生对艾滋病相关知识认知不全面,存在知识和行为分离现象,健康教育工作要提高医学生尊重和保障艾滋病病人或感染者权利的意识,以助于减少和消除其未来医疗行为中对艾滋病病人或感染者的歧视。

[Objective] To learn about the levels of AIDS-related knowledge among medical students and their attitude levels towards AIDS-infected persons or patients. [Methods] By cluster sampling survey,self-designed questionnaires were used among all students in the medical college in Nanchang to investigate their awareness of AIDS and their attitudes towards AIDSinfected persons or patients,and compare differences among students of different grades,genders,and majors. [Results] A total of 1 735 questionnaires were distributed, with an effective recovery rate of 97. 12%. The awareness rate of basic knowledge of AIDS was 84. 15%,and the lowest awareness rate of mosquito bites transmission of AIDS was 64. 63%. The awareness rate of basic knowledge of AIDS was higher among freshmen and students majoring in preventive medicine and medical examination(P<0. 05). The awareness rate of AIDS window period was 77. 86%,among which the nursing medical students were higher in the rate;the awareness rate in the window period was 80. 36 %,among which the preventive medicine students were higher(P < 0. 05) in the rate. And 33. 11% of students wanted to contact and understand the AIDS infected persons or patients,and 15. 84% of them were willing to share a dormitory with the AIDS infected students. There were significant differences in the willingness distribution of those sharing a dormitory with HIV-infected persons and those with different levels of contacting and understanding them(P<0. 05). [Conclusion] Medical students in this college do not fully understand AIDS-related knowledge,and there is a separation of knowledge and behavior. Health education should enhance medical students’ awareness of respecting and guaranteeing the rights of AIDS-infected persons or patients,so as to help reduce and eliminate discrimination against AIDS-infected persons or patients in their future medical behaviors.