基于GIS与层次分析法的贵阳市空间形态变化研究

The research of spatial morphology change features in Guiyang City based on GIS and AHP

贵阳市作为典型的岩溶区域,对其城市空间形态变化进行研究,能为贵阳市城市规划提供一定的参考依据,同时对于我国岩溶城市的规划建设具有借鉴作用。利用ArcGIS从贵阳市的DEM数据中提取坡度、坡向、地面粗糙度、相对高程4个因子作为影响城市空间形态变化的自然因素驱动因子。采用ENVI软件对贵阳市2000年和2016年的遥感数据进行监督分类,提取土地利用变化结果图作为研究贵阳市空间形态变化的人类活动因子。最后通过层次分析法(AHP)计算上述5个驱动因子的权重值,在ArcGIS中进行加权叠加分析得出贵阳市空间形态变化趋势图。结果表明城市形态变化趋势较高的地方主要集中在云岩区南部、南明区中西部、白云区南部、观山湖区东部、花溪区北部以及西部、清镇市东部靠近观山湖区等区域。结果与实际情况相符合,研究方法能够较准确地预测出城市空间形态变化趋势。

The study of morphological changes of urban spatial development for Guiyang city,which as a typical urban Karst area,can provide some reference for city planning and are helpful for construction of Karst cities in China.Extracting the slope,aspect,relative elevation,surface roughness based on the DEM data of Guiyang City by ArcGIS as the natural factors,making the land use rate based on two different periods remote sensing data(the year 2000 and 2016)as human activity factor for the researches of the morphological change of urban spatial development.The weights of five different factors are calculated by Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP),and then the spatial morphological change map of Guiyang City is obtained by weighted stacking analysis of each factor in ArcGIS.The results show that the highest morphology change is mainly concentrated in the south of Yunyan district,the middle and west of Nanming district,the south of Baiyun district,the east of Guanshanhu district,the north of Huaxi district,and the east of college town and Qingzhen city that near Guanshanhu district.The results are consistent with the actual situation,and the research supply the new workable method means for predicting the change trend of urban spatial.