水稻重大病虫害跨境跨区域监测预警体系的构建与应用

Construction and application of cross-border and cross-regional monitoring and early warning system for major rice diseases and insect pests

稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟等迁飞性害虫及其携传的水稻病毒病是中国和越南、泰国等中南半岛国家重要的跨境跨区域迁飞发生和流行性病虫害。在建立中国水稻重大病虫害跨区域监测预警体系的基础上,建立中国和周边国家间水稻重大病虫害跨境跨区域监测预警体系,对于提高我国水稻迁飞性害虫及其传播的病毒病发生的早期预见性、增强防控主动性具有重要意义。自20世纪50年代起,中国通过构建体系架构,合理布局站点,明确站点任务,实施信息共享和开展联合预警,逐步构建了相对完善的全国水稻重大病虫害监测预警网络体系,在提高国内水稻重大病虫害预警防控能力,保障全国粮食生产“十二连增”“十四连丰”方面发挥了重要作用。为进一步提高重大迁飞性害虫的监测预警能力,自2010年开始,在中国农业部的支持下,中国、越南两国实施了“中越水稻迁飞性害虫监测防治项目”,双方通过互设联合监测站点,开展水稻迁飞性害虫等重大病虫害系统监测和发生信息交流、数据交换,以及实地调查和技术交流,进一步增强了中国水稻重大病虫害发生的早期预见性和可持续治理能力,使全国水稻病虫害出现了近10年的连续下降趋势,为保障国家粮食安全做出了积极贡献。当前,我们农作物重大病虫害监测预警在取得重大进展的同时,也面临不少困难,尤其是全国普遍存在人员减少、青黄不接和保障不力的问题。为此提出如下建议,一是健全保障机制,保证工作条件,保持稳定运行;二是增加监测站点,统一监测标准,开展联合监测;三是构建信息网络,实时上报信息,实施信息共享;四是推广智能设备,提升装备水平,推动信息直采;五是强化技术研究,研究明确规律,提升支撑能力。

Migratory pests such as rice planthopper and rice leaf roller and their transmitted viral diseases are important cross-border and epidemic diseases and insect pests in China and central south peninsula countries such as Vietnam and Thailand.On the basis of establishing a cross-regional monitoring and early warning system for major rice diseases and insect pests in China,the establishment of a cross-regional monitoring and early warning system for major rice diseases and insect pests between China and neighboring countries is of great significance for improving the early prediction of rice migratory pests and their transmitted viral diseases in China and enhancing the initiative of prevention and control.Since the 1950s,China has gradually constructed a relatively perfect national monitoring and early warning network system for major rice diseases and insect pests by building a system structure,rationally laying out the monitoring sites,defining the tasks of the sites,implementing information sharing and carrying out joint early warning,so as to improve the ability of early warning and control of major rice diseases and insect pests in China,ensure the national grain supply and have played an important role in“twelve successive increases”and“fourteen successive abundances”.In order to further improve the monitoring and early warning capability of major migratory pests,with the support of the Ministry of Agriculture of China,China and Vietnam have implemented the project of monitoring and controlling migratory rice pests in China and Vietnam since 2010.Both sides have carried out systematic monitoring,occurrence information exchange,data exchange,field investigations and technical exchanges of rice major diseases and pests such as migratory rice pests by setting up joint monitoring stations.The cooperation has further enhanced the early predictability and sustainable management of major rice pests and diseases in China,resulting in a 10-year downward trend in rice pests and diseases throughout the country and contributing positively to ensuring national food security.At present,while having made great progress in monitoring and early warning of major crop diseases and insect pests,we are also facing many difficulties,especially the problem of personnel reduction and inadequate abilities.For this reason,it is suggested that firstly,we should improve the support mechanism,ensure working conditions and maintain stable operation;secondly,we should increase monitoring sites,unify monitoring standards and carry out joint monitoring;thirdly,we should build information networks,report information in real time and implement information sharing;fourthly,we should promote intelligent equipment,upgrade equipment level and promote direct information collecting;fifthly,we should strengthen the technology research,clarify the rules and methods,and enhance the supporting capacity.