“重划”与“复议”:“四清”时期清理农村阶级成分问题再研究

“Reclassification” and “Reconsideration”:A Restudy of the Cleansing of the Rural Classes During the “Four Cleans Movement”

清理农村阶级成分是“四清”运动的一项重要工作。其中在没有划分过阶级成分的地方,是重新划分成分;在已经划过成分的地方,主要是“复议”而非“重划”,即以土改时划分的阶级成分为基础,并参照合作化以前的情况加以审查评议。有些地方在清理农村阶级成分过程中出现了较大偏差,但从全国来看,“复议”所涉范围较广,过程相对温和,根据“就低不就高”的原则,多数家庭的阶级成分保持不变或有所下降。

The cleansing of the rural classes was an important task during the“four cleans movement.”Where there were no class divisions,a reclassification was implemented.Where there was a division of classes,a“reconsideration”rather than a“reclassification”was generally implemented,that is,based on the class divisions during the Land Reform period and referring to the situation before the cooperatives.In some places,big differences occurred in the process of cleaning up the rural classes.However,from a national perspective,the scope of the“reconsideration”was relatively wide and the process was relatively mild.According to the principle of“based on lower rather than higher,”the class status of most families either remained unchanged or declined.