钻井液环保性能标准的现状与对策

Current Situation of Standard for Environmental Protection Performance of Drilling Fluid and Countermeasures to It

钻井液是由黏土、水(或者油)以及各种化学添加剂组成的一种混合体系。长久以来,由于人们在钻井液对环境污染的认识方面存在欠缺,造成现有常用钻井液体系并没有进行针对环境的污染评价,使得钻井液成为油气田生产过程中的一大污染源。目前国内对钻井液的环保性能方面尚没有统一的标准,发展过程中方向不明。通过对相关环保标准等规范性文件的调研,结合陆上油田清洁生产与环境保护的实际情况,提出将钻井液的环保性能评价项目分为生物毒性、生物降解性、重金属、石油类和pH值等5类9项,并给出了具体参考值。

Drilling fluid is a mixed system composed of clay, water(or oil) and various chemical additives. For a long time, due to people′s lack of understanding of environmental pollution in drilling fluid, the existing common drilling fluid systems have not carried out environmental pollution assessment, which makes drilling fluid become a major pollution source in the production process of oil and gas fields.At present, there is no unified standard for the environmental protection performance of drilling fluid in China, and the development direction is unclear. Based on the investigation of relevant environmental protection standards and other normative documents, combined with the actual situation of clean production and environmental protection in onshore oil fields, it is forward that the environmental protection performance evaluation items of drilling fluid can be divided into 5 categories and 9 items, including biological toxicity, biodegradability, heavy metal, petroleum and pH value, and the reference values of 9 items are proposed.