螺旋管聚能药包根底光面爆破机理研究及应用

Research and application of root smooth blasting mechanism of shaped charge in spiral tube

针对现阶段光面爆破存在的根底不平整问题以及炸药能量利用率低的问题,提出了一种螺旋管聚能药包。为探究药包的破岩机理,采用LS-DYNA数值模拟和钻孔爆破试验相结合的方法研究了此药包的破岩机理。数值模拟结果表明,螺旋管聚能药包能形成连续金属射流侵彻炮孔孔壁,孔壁被侵彻出垂直炮孔方向的裂缝。用普通柱状药包和此药包进行钻孔爆破对比试验,结果表明,螺旋管药包试样的残留炮孔孔壁有螺旋形侵彻缝,印证了数值模拟的侵彻结果。并且相比于普通柱状药包,其炮孔利用率提高7.2%、扩孔率提高8.4%。将此药包应用于舟山绿色石化基地围垦区,结果表明,螺旋管药包爆破区域根底高度平均比普通装药低14 cm,根底高度标准差比普通装药小12 cm。研究成果在爆破工程应用中有很大价值,可以降低施工成本、加快施工进度、提高爆破效果,适合在矿山开采、井巷掘进等工程中使用。

Aiming at the unevenness of the root bottom and the low power capacity of the explosive in the present stage of smooth blasting,a kind of spiral tube shaped charge was put forward.In order to explore the rock-breaking mechanism of the charge,LS-DYNA numerical simulation and borehole blasting test were used to study the rock-breaking mechanism of the charge.Firstly,the numerical simulation results show that the spiral pipe shaped charge can form a continuous metal jet penetrating the borehole wall,and the borehole wall was penetrated out of the crack in the direction of the vertical borehole.The results show that there are helical perforation cracks in the borehole wall of the residual sample of spiral tube,which confirmed the penetration results of numerical simulation.In addition,the perforation utilization rate and reaming rate were increased by 7.2%and 8.4%,respectively,compared with the normal columnar charge.Finally,this charge was applied to the reclamation area of Zhoushan.The results showed that the average root height of the spiral pipe charge blasting area was 14 cm lower than that of the common charge,and the standard deviation of the root height was 12 cm less than that of the common charge,that is,the cumulative charge saved 14 cm hole depth and charge length and reduced the roughness of 12 cm.The research results are of great value in the application of blasting engineering,which can reduce the construction cost,speed up the construction progress and improve the blasting effect.