中国科学院生物标本馆(博物馆)的现状与未来

Current Situation and Future of Biological Collections of Chinese Academy of Sciences

随着全球环境变化、人类生产活动对生物多样性影响的加剧,人类将面临对生物多样性认知、保护与可持续利用以及国门生物安全等领域的重大需求。中国科学院生物标本馆(博物馆)包括隶属于中国科学院18个科研机构的19家生物标本馆(博物馆),是我国动物、植物、菌物及化石等标本保藏、研究和科学教育的主要实体场馆,是2个国家科技资源共享服务平台——国家动物标本资源库和国家植物标本资源库的牵头单位。中国科学院生物标本馆(博物馆)标本藏量、管理和利用代表着我国战略生物资源的整体水平,在国家生物资源的保护与可持续利用中具有不可替代的重要作用,对国门生物安全发挥了重要的支撑与保障作用。基于对其整体现状的全面分析,文章阐述了中国科学院生物标本馆(博物馆)的基本定位、组成与布局特点,馆藏标本的规模、组成与特色,以及与发达国家标本收藏机构的对比;系统概述了依托标本馆在战略生物资源收集与保藏、经典分类研究、志书和图谱编撰、标本信息数字化、科学普及等领域取得的科研成果,并阐述了对前沿科学研究、国家重大需求以及国民经济主战场的支撑作用。同时,全面分析了生物标本资源收集、保藏、研究与可持续利用、信息数据共享等面临的关键问题,以及制约生物标本馆(博物馆)运行与发展的“瓶颈”问题,提出了建设国家生物标本馆的具体思路,展望了生物标本资源收集的未来格局,以及生物标本馆(博物馆)运行模式的发展趋势。

With the increasing impact of global environmental change and human activities on biodiversity,human beings will face significant needs in the areas of biodiversity awareness,conservation and sustainable use,and national biosafety.The Biological Collections of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)include the Biological Collections/Museums belonging to 18 scientific research institutes of CAS.It is the main place for preservation,research,and scientific education of animal,plant,fungus,and fossil specimens in China.Among them,there are two institutes who are leading the National Animal Collection and the National Herbarium,respectively,which are listed into the National Science and Technology Infrastructure of China.The collection reserve,management,and utilization of specimens in the Biological Collections of CAS represent the overall level of strategic biological resources in China.It plays an irreplaceable role in the protection and sustainable utilization of national biological resources and plays an important supporting and ensuring role in national biological safety.Based on a comprehensive analysis of its overall status,the basic orientation,composition and layout characteristics of the Biological Collections of CAS,the scale,composition and characteristics of the specimen collection,and comparison with those of the developed countries were expounded in the present paper.The authors also systematically summarized achievements of CAS relied on Biological Collections in the fields of strategic biological resources collection and preservation,classical taxonomic research,Fauna and Flora compilation,specimen information digitization,science popularization,and so on,and expounded their supporting role in frontier scientific research,major national needs,and national economy.In addition,the key problems about collecting,preserving,researching,and sustainable utilizing biological specimen resources,information and data sharing,as well as the“bottleneck”problems restricting the operation and development of Biological Collections were analyzed,and a specific ideas for the construction of the National Biological Collection,the outlook of the plan for collecting biological specimens resources and operation mode of Biological Collections in the future were proposed.