高寒民族地区居民的旅游支持度及影响因素——以甘南藏族自治州为例

A study on the degree of traveling support and influencing factors for inhabitants living in the arctic-alpine areas:Taking Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an example

旅游业是当前高寒民族地区实现乡村振兴的重要举措,辨明居民的旅游支持度及其影响因素有利于精准制定旅游发展政策。以甘南藏族自治州为研究区,突出该区民族文化特征,建立了以文化整合、地方感、旅游机构信任、旅游事件依恋为自变量的居民旅游支持度模型,并分析了影响该区居民旅游支持度的关键因素。结果表明:(1)藏族居民旅游支持度最高,回族次之,汉族最低;牧民、僧侣、家庭主妇、学生、私营业主、公务员的旅游支持度呈递减趋势;“易地搬迁型”乡村社区居民旅游支持度最高,“民宿开发型”次之,“寺院景区门户型”社区居中,“寺院僧舍型”社区较低,“景区边缘型”社区最低。(2)旅游收益感知对居民旅游支持度产生积极影响,旅游成本感知对居民旅游支持度产生负向影响;居民对旅游机构的信任与居民对旅游事件依恋均对旅游收益感知产生积极影响、对旅游成本感知产生负向影响,从而影响居民旅游支持度;文化整合与居民对旅游事件依恋除对旅游支持度产生直接影响外,还通过增强旅游收益感知、降低旅游成本感知而对旅游支持度产生显著正向作用。

Tourism is an important measure to realize the rural rejuvenation in the arctic-alpine areas at present.Identifying the current support of tourism from residents,as well as its influencing factors,is conducive to the precise formulation of tourism-development policies.This study utilized the Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as the study area,which highlighted the ethnic cultural characteristics of this particular area.With this exemplar,we established a tourism-support-degree model based on cultural integrity,sense of locality,trust of tourism institutions,and tourism-event attachment as independent variables.The key factors that affected the residents′support of tourism were also analyzed.The results indicated the following.The first major finding was that the highest degree of support for tourism was found in Tibetan inhabitants,followed by that of Hui nationality inhabitants,whereas Han ethnic inhabitants had the lowest degree of such support.Additionally,there was a trend for a decreased degree of support for tourism among herdsmen,monks,priests,housewives,students,private business owners,and civil servants.In terms of analysis of the categorical preferences of inhabitants,the ranking of degrees of support of tourism from highest(1)to lowest(5)were as follows:(1)the‘relocation type’rural-community inhabitant;(2)the‘homestay developing type;’(3)the‘temple and scenic spots household type’;(4)the‘temple and monks domiciles’type;and(5)the‘adjacent to scenic spots type.’The second major finding of the present study was that one′s perceptions of tourism-related factors tended to influence one′s degree of support for tourism.Specifically,a perception of tourism as a benefit tended to increase one′s support of tourism,whereas a perception of tourism as an expense tended to reduce one′s support of tourism.Additionally,an inhabitant′s trust of travel organizations and inclinations toward traveling activities had positive influences on the perception of tourism as a benefit,whereas such perceptions had a negative impact on the perception of tourism as an expense;hence,these perceptions ultimately affected an inhabitant′s degree of support for tourism.Similarly,an inhabitant′s cultural adaptation and inclinations toward traveling activities exerted direct positive influences on support for traveling as well as tourism,while simultaneously weakening one′s perception of tourism as an expense.Taken together,this article puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for improving the degree of support of tourism from local inhabitants currently living in the artic-alpine ethnic areas.