海洋二甲基硫观测技术及其海-气通量分析研究进展

Advances in marine dimethyl sulfide observation and its air-sea flux estimation

二甲基硫(DMS)海-气交换是全球硫循环的主要参与者,对全球气候变化产生重要影响。有关海洋DMS排放及其海-气交换过程研究已引起人们的广泛关注,并成为现今国际上的研究热点之一。从海洋DMS观测技术及海-气通量估算两方面进行了系统总结,并指出了它们的最新进展和发展趋势,具体包括:虽然遥感技术在获取DMS时空分布及大面数据方面具有独特优势,但气相色谱法是目前应用最为广泛的观测技术,而质谱也越来越受到研究者们的青睐;直接观测技术在提升分析性能的同时朝着自动化、智能化现场实时观测的方向发展;观测对象从单一DMS扩展至其前体、二甲基亚砜等其他物质,同时所获数据呈多元化趋势,准确度也逐渐提升;以滞膜模型为代表的模型估算和以涡旋相关法为代表的直接测量法是目前DMS海-气通量分析的主要方法,而多元化数据则促进了两种或两种以上通量分析方法的联合及对比;深入探究海洋环境因素对海-气交换过程的影响,进一步完善速率常数计算和通量估算方法,是获得适用性更广、准确度更高的DMS传输率常数及提高通量估算准确度的重要途径;将直接观测技术和遥感卫星观测技术相结合,开展时间、空间维度上的全球海域DMS大数据调查研究,并深入评估DMS对海洋环境及气候变化的影响将是未来研究的重要内容;基于大数据基础构建海洋DMS排放趋势模型,实现未来DMS排放的准确预测是DMS观测及其海-气通量分析研究的重要目标。

The air-sea exchange of dimethyl sulfide(DMS)plays a key role in the sulfur cycle and global climate change.Studies on marine DMS emissions and its air-sea exchange process are still attracting wide attention.This paper summarized the latest progresses for the measurement techniques and air-sea flux estimation.Even though satellite remote sensing takes advantages of achieving large mass data for the spatial-temporal distribution of DMS,gas chromatography is now commonly used and mass spectrometry is becoming more and more popular.As the analytical performance being improved,the observation technologies are being developed toward automatic and intelligent field monitoring.Observation objects are also expanding from the DMS to other related substances such as its precursor and dimethyl sulfoxide,and more accurate data can be achieved.Methods of the DMS air-sea flux analysis mainly include model-based estimation such as stagnant film model and micro-meteorological direct measurement techniques such as eddy correlation.Combination of two or more methods is a way to deeply explore the influence of environmental factors on the air-sea exchange process,which can help to obtain more applicable DMS air-sea exchange rate and amend model parameterization of DMS flux.It will be an important part to study of the global spatial-temporal distribution of DMS and assess its impact on climate change in depth via direct observation and satellite remote sensing.It is also an important goal to build a trend model of marine DMS emissions based on mass data,aiming at the accurate prediction of DMS emissions in future.