长江经济带突发水污染风险分区研究

Risk zoning of acute water pollution in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

长江经济带突发水污染事件频发,对区域人群健康和生态安全造成严峻挑战.环境风险分区是环境风险管理的基础和有效工具.本研究以2015年为基准年,基于环境统计数据、DEM数据、水质监测断面数据和基础地理数据,综合考虑了水系流向、水系级别及水质等因素,以1 km×1 km的网格为基本单元,对长江经济带开展突发水污染风险分区.结果表明:①高风险区面积为3348.9 km^2,占评估区总面积的0.16%;较高风险区面积为26030.7 km^2,占比1.27%;中风险区面积为97971.1 km^2,占比4.79%;低风险区面积为1916838.7 km^2,占比93.77%;②从沿长江干流两岸分布来看,高风险区面积沿长江上游至下游呈逐渐增加趋势,主要集中分布在重庆市中部、湖北省东部、安徽省东部、江苏省中西部、浙江省北部、上海市西部等地;③从沿长江主要支流两岸分布来看,高风险区主要分布在嘉陵江南段、乌江南段、汉水东段、湘江北段、赣江北段等.研究结果可为长江经济带生态环境管理提供科学依据.

The high frequent water pollution accidents occurred in the Yangtze River Economic Belt challenges the health of local residents as well as ecological security.Environmental risk zoning is a fundamental and effective tool for environmental risk management.Based on the annual environmental statistics yearbook,DEM,national water quality monitoring data and basic geographic data,we carried out the water environmental accidents risk zoning(1 km×1 km resolution)for the Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2015.The results showed that:①the area of high-risk zone is 3348.9 km^2,accounting for 0.16%of the total assessment zone;the area with relatively high-risk zone is 26030.7 km^2,accounting for 1.27%;medium-risk area is 97971.1 km^2,accounting for 4.79%;low-risk area is 1916838.7 km^2,which is accounting for 93.77%;②The distribution of high-risk area increases gradually along the mainstream of the Yangtze River,mainly located in central Chongqing,Eastern Hubei,Eastern Anhui,Central and Western Jiangsu,Northern Zhejiang and Western Shanghai.③The distribution of high-risk area along the main tributaries of mainly located in the southern section of the Jialing River,the southern section of the Wujiang River,the eastern section of the Hanshui River,the northern section of the Xiangjiang River and the northern section of the Ganjiang River.The results of this study can provide theoretical support for the ecologic and environmental management of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.