益生菌调控幼龄畜禽消化道微生物研究进展

Recent Advance in the Study of the Regulation of Early Life Gut Microbiota by Probiotics in Livestock

益生菌是一类对宿主(人类或动物)有益的活性微生物,包括细菌、真菌(如酵母)等,具有促进动物生长、提高免疫力的作用,是潜在的抗生素替代品。益生菌可能通过与动物消化道微生物互作来发挥益生作用,但具体机制仍不明确。综述了基于高通量测序技术研究益生菌调控幼龄畜禽(仔猪、雏鸡、反刍动物)消化道微生物群落组成的最新进展,并提出了未来研究方向,包括益生菌如何通过与消化道微生物互作影响其功能,益生菌对于幼龄畜禽不同健康状态下肠道微生物的影响,以及宿主因素如何影响益生菌对于幼龄畜禽消化道微生物的作用效果。

Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that confer a health benefit on the host(human/animals),including bacteria,fungi(i.e.,yeasts),etc. Probiotics demonstrate beneficial effects on the animal by improving the growth and immunity,and therefore have been proposed to be a promising alternative to antibiotics. It is suggested that the interaction between probiotics and gut microbiota results in the beneficial effect of probiotics,despite that the mechanisms remain largely unknown. This review summarizes the most recent advances in regulating microbiota in gastrointestinal tract of early age livestock(piglet,chicken,and ruminant)by probiotics based on high-throughput sequencing technology. The paper also highlights the future directions,including how probiotics interact with gut microbiota and affect their functions,how probiotics affect gut microbiota of livestock under different health conditions in early age,and how host factors affect the efficacy of probiotics in terms of regulating gut microbiota of livestock in early age.