基于恢复生态学的泰山地区“山水林田湖草”生态修复研究

Ecological restoration strategies of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands Life Community in Mountain Tai region based on the principle of restoration ecology

目前大多地方生态修复工作往往是对各类生态系统分割式治理,不利于生态系统的整体修复。"山水林田湖草是生命共同体"理念要求各生态要素和生态系统之间的协同特征和有机联系,恢复生态学理论则关注受损生态系统的驱动因素、生态恢复的路径和干预措施,两者的结合能够为生态保护和修复提供坚实的理论和技术基础。基于恢复生态学理论,以泰山地区为研究对象,运用物能循环和转化的生态学原则对受损生态系统生态关键问题进行诊断,明确了"山水林田湖草"生命共同体中的各要素(子系统)在生态过程中的相互影响及相互制约关系,厘清了泰山地区矿山开采(地质受损)-植被破坏-水土流失-景观失调的生态受损与退化机制,在此基础上提出了"地貌重塑、植被重建、水体重构、景观重现"的生态恢复思路。并尝试构建包含生态风险、生态状况和生态恢复能力三重准则共13项指标的评价体系,以期通过生态恢复效果的评价与监测引导生态恢复目标的有效实现。

Most existing ecological restoration practices carry out the segmented governance of various ecosystems, which go against the comprehensive ecological protection and restoration. The principle of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands being a life community demands the synergistic characteristics and organic links between ecological factors and ecosystems, while the ecological restoration theory focuses on the driving factors of damaged ecosystems, the path of ecological restoration, and intervention measures. The combination of above two can provide a solid theoretical and technical basis for ecological protection and restoration. Based on the theoretical connotation of restoration ecology, taking the Mountain Tai Region as the research object, this paper diagnosed the regional ecological problems and clarified the formation mechanism by applying the ecological principles of physical energy cycle and transformation. The mutual influences and restraints among various elements(subsystems) of the life community were specified and the ecological degradation mechanism of mining activities(geological damage)-vegetation degradation-soil loss-landscape disorder was determined. Therefore, this paper proposed the path of "landform remodeling, vegetation recovery, water body reconstruction and landscape reproduction". Meanwhile, this paper attempts to build an evaluation indicator system consisting of 13 indicators from three perspectives including ecological risk, ecological status, and ecological resilience. Through assessing the effectiveness of ecological restoration, the goal of effective ecological restoration can be well guided and fulfilled.