生态保护与修复理论和技术国外研究进展

Research progress on the theory and technology of ecological protection and restoration abroad

人类进入的21世纪,是一个人类真正需要进行生态反思的世纪。反思我们与自然的关系,反思我们与地球生命支持系统中植物、动物、抑或微生物的关系,反思我们与地球环境保障系统中的江河湖海、山川大地、森林草原、城镇乡村的关系。地球生物圈尚存的完整自然生态系统愈来愈少,人类未来生存、发展及适应全球变化的珍贵缓冲区(buffers)正快速萎缩,地球表面随处可见的3D系统(degraded,damaged and destroyed ecosystems)正快速增加,人类生命支撑系统中最为重要的生物多样性也正以前所未有的速度丧失,人类生存与发展之基失稳,亟待从生态保护理念出发,探索生态技术解决方案。在辨析生态、生态保护与生态修复内涵的基础上,基于文献计量学方法,以生态保护(ecological protection)和生态修复(ecological restoration)为主题词在Web of Science上检索了生态保护与生态修复近70年发文量及国际主流杂志发文量,分析了生态系统退化机制及驱动力,总结了国外生态保护与生态修复所依托的先进理论和技术方法,以期为我国生态系统保护与退化生态系统修复提供一定的理论指导。

The 21 st century is a century in which mankind really needs ecological reflections. Rethinking on our relationship with nature, rethinking on our relationship with plants, animals, or microorganisms in the planet′s life supporting systems, rethinking on our relationship with damaged mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands, towns and villages in the earth′s environment supporting systems. At present, the integrated natural ecosystems in the earth′s biosphere are becoming less and less, and the precious buffers for mankind′s future survival, development and adaptation to global change are shrinking rapidly. Additionally, the number of the 3 D systems(degraded, damaged and destroyed ecosystems) that can be seen everywhere on the earth′s surface is increasing dramatically and the most important biodiversity in the supporting system of human life is falling at an unprecedented rate, and the foundation of human survival and development is unstable, so it is urgent for us to start from the concept of ecological protection and explore ecological technological solutions. Based on the scientific connotation of ecology, ecological protection and ecological restoration, and the bibliometric method, this paper searched the related articles and the publications of international mainstream magazines with the theme of ‘ecological protection’, and ‘ecological restoration′ in past 70 years on Web of Science, analyzed the ecosystem degradation mechanism and driving force, and summarized the advanced theories and techniques of ecological protection and ecological restoration abroad, which would provide some theoretical guidance for protection of fragile ecosystems and restoration of degraded ecosystems in China.