城市交通“战略技术经济模型”(STEM)——巴黎大区交通政策探索

Urban Transport"Strategic Technical Economic Model"Parisian Region's Transport Policy Exploration

城市交通的投资和管理是交通决策的重大问题,如何在不同的供给、需求结构下,制定合理可行、与时俱进的交通政策是管理者需长期面对的课题。交通系统管治的内涵因城市发展阶段而变化,但究其理论根本是使边际出行在各种出行方式中所造成的社会成本的增量相等。STEM(Strategic Technical-Economic Model)模型为决策提供了这样一个理论和操作工具,并以此为基础模拟了巴黎大区的几项交通政策。交通税费的合理配置能够有效缩减私人成本和社会成本的分离,使出行消耗的社会资源内部化,从而实现城市交通系统的最优运行。

The investment and management of urban transportation is a major issue in transportation decision-making.How to establish a reasonable and feasible transport policy under different supply and demand structures is a topic that managers must face for a long time.The connotation of transportation governance evolves due to the stage of urban development,but it is fundamental to equalize the incremental increase in social costs brought by marginal travel in various modes.STEM(Strategic Technical Economic Model)provides such a theoretical and operational tool for decision-making and simulates several policy directions for the Parisian Region.The reasonable specification of transportation taxes and fees can effectively reduce the separation of private costs and social costs,and internalize the social resources consumed by travel,so as to achieve an optimal operation of the urban transportation system.