习惯行为、执行意向与青少年身体活动意向与行为:基于计划行为理论的扩展模型

Associations Among Habitual Behavior,Implementation Intention and Physical Activity of Adolescents:Application of Model of Extended Theory of Planned Behavior

在计划行为理论(TPB)的基础上,引入身体活动习惯行为与执行意向,构建扩展TPB(METPB)模型,检验该模型对9~19岁青少年群体的中高强度身体活动(MVPA)的适用性,探讨该模型对小学、初中及高中阶段青少年MVPA影响的差异。结果显示:假设模型的拟合度可以接受,纳入习惯行为与执行意向后,METPB显著地提高了其对身体活动行为的解释力。态度和感知行为控制对MVPA行为意向有显著性影响,解释了31.4%的行为意向方差;行为意向和习惯行为对MVPA行为有显著性影响,解释了18.7%的行为方差;执行意向加强了行为意向朝实际行为的转换。METPB模型对于不同学习阶段青少年MVPA意向及行为的影响有显著性差异。其中:主观规范对小学生与初中生MVPA意向产生了显著性影响,而对高中生的MVPA意向并无显著性影响;感知行为控制对3个阶段学生的MVPA意向产生的影响随着学习阶段的上升不断增强。建议:在对于青少年身体活动的干预中,政府、家庭、学校应重视培养学生对于身体活动参与的正确态度,提高其参与身体活动的意愿,培养其参与身体活动的行为习惯,且在对青少年身体活动干预时考虑学习阶段的差异。

The habitual behavior and implementation intention into the theory of planned behavior(TPB)was studied to be a model of extended TPB(METPB)and this model was tested with moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA)of adolescents aged 9~19 years.The differences in the prediction of METPB of MVPA were examined among primary,secondary and high school students.It is founded that the model of hypothesized relationships demonstrated a good fit with the data,and the METPB has a higher predictive ability than the TPB model,after including habitual behavior and implementation intention.The findings revealed that attitude and perceive behavioral control is significantly associated with MVPA intention,which explained 31.4%variance of intention.Behavioral intention and implementation intention are significantly associated with MVPA behavior,which explained 18.7%variance of behavior.Implementation mediated the influence intention on behavior.There is a significant difference in the influence of METPB variables on MVPA of adolescents in primary,secondary and high school students.Subjective norm is significantly associated with MVPA intention of primary and middle school students instead of high school students.The stronger association between perceived behavioral control and MVPA behavior goes with the higher learning stage.The government,school,and parents should put emphasis on the improvement of adolescent attitude towards PA,intention to participate in PA,and PA habit to promote adolescent PA participation.The differences among primary,secondary,and high school students should be taken into consideration when designing intervention.