不同近视程度对青少年脉络膜厚度变化的影响

Changes of choroid thickness in adolescents with different myopia degrees

目的测量和比较不同近视程度青少年脉络膜的厚度和差异,分析影响青少年近视患者脉络膜厚度变化的相关因素。方法选取2017年7月—2018年3月笔者所在医院眼科门诊就诊、体检的青少年60例120眼作为研究对象,年龄13~17岁,平均(14.57±1.63)岁,按等效球镜和裸眼视力及最佳矫正视力把研究对象分为4组,即正常组(对照组)、低度近视组、中度近视组、高度近视组。运用蔡司频域光学相干断层扫描仪Cirrus HD OCT,高清五线光栅,对黄斑中心凹分别行0°和90°方位加强深度扫描,获取经黄斑中心凹下水平和垂直横断面图像,由同一名医师完成,分别测量3次,取平均值为最终参考数据。结果各组之间对比,黄斑中心凹脉络膜厚度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各组之间颞侧1000μm处脉络膜平均厚度,低度近视组大于正常组,3000μm处各区域脉络膜厚度在组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论不同近视程度青少年黄斑区脉络膜厚度存在差异;同时与眼轴呈显著负相关、与眼压呈负相关。

Objective To measure and compare the thickness and difference of choroid in teenagers with different degree of myopia.Methods 120 eyes of 60 cases of the youngsters were examined in the out-patient clinic of our hospital from October 2017 to January 2018,the age was 13-17 years,with an average age of(14.57±1.63)years.The subjects were divided into 4 groups:normal group(control group),low myopia group,moderate myopia group and high myopia group,according to the equivalent lens and naked eye vision and the best corrected visual acuity.Using the Zeiss frequency domain optical coherence tomography,using high definition five wire grating,enhance scanning of the fovea was performed at 0 and 90 degrees respectively,acquire horizontal and vertical cross-sectional images of foveal.The choroidal thickness values were measured manually under the fovea inferior and 1000,3000μm from the fovea of the central fovea at 9 sites,including the nasal,upper,temporal and underneath.The same physician completed the measurement 3 times and took the average value as the final reference data.Results There was a significant difference in macular foveal choroidal thickness between the groups(P<0.05).The average thickness of choroid in the 1000μm of the low myopia group was higher than that in the normal group,there were significant differences in choroidal thickness at 3000μm between the groups(P<0.05).Conclusion There are differences in macular choroidal thickness among adolescents with different myopia.Choroidal thickness in macular region was negatively correlated with ocular axis and negatively correlated with intraocular pressure.