上海崇明地区蔬菜中Pb、Cd污染评价和微生物特征分析

Assessment of Pb and Cd pollution and microbial characteristics in vegetables in Chongming District of Shanghai

为了解上海崇明地区蔬菜安全卫生情况,于2017-2018年采集崇明地区4类蔬菜共113个样品,测定并分析蔬菜中重金属Pb、Cd含量和食源性致病微生物金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella)和单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌(Listeria monocytogenes)检出状况,另外对蔬菜中重金属进行污染评价及健康风险评估。结果表明:崇明蔬菜中Pb和Cd含量均低于《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762-2017)中的限值。Pb在蔬菜中含量冬季显著低于秋季,4类蔬菜中Pb和Cd含量均值表现为叶菜类>根茎类>茄果类>瓜类。通过计算蔬菜中重金属的健康风险得知,4类蔬菜中成人和儿童的Pb和Cd的重金属暴露风险指数均小于1,无明显健康风险,但儿童的Pb和Cd的重金属暴露风险指数大于成人。在113个蔬菜样品中,食源性致病菌沙门氏菌和单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌均无检出,金黄色葡萄球菌检出5株,检出率为4.42%,其中叶菜类检出率3.75%,根茎类检出率6.67%,茄果类11.11%,瓜类无检出。秋季金黄色葡萄球菌的检出率高于冬春两季。

In order to understand the safety and health situation of vegetables planted in Chongming District of Shanghai,a total of 113 vegetable(four kinds)samples were collected from 2017 to 2018,in which Pb and Cd were analyzed and foodborne pathogens Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes were detected.In addition,the pollution of heavy metals and health evaluation were performed in vegetables.The results showed that the contents of Pb and Cd were lower than the vegetable limit values in "National food safety standard maximum levels of contaminants in foods"(GB 2762-2017),respectively.There were significant differences in Pb concentrations of vegetables between autumn and winter which were higher in winter than autumn.The concentrations of Pb and Cd in different kinds of vegetables were followed a sequence of leafy vegetables>roots ones>solanthum ones>melon ones.By calculating the health risk of heavy metals in vegetables,the hazard quotient(HQ)of Pb and Cd in the four types of vegetables were less than 1 for adults and children,and there were no significant health risks.But children have higher HQfor Pb and Cd than adults.Five Staphylococcus aureus(detection rate of 4.42%)were isolated,but Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes were not detected in 113 vegetable samples.Among them,the detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus was 3.75%in leafy vegetables,6.67%in roots ones and 11.11%in solanthum ones,0 in melon ones.The detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus in autumn was higher than winter and spring.