广富林文化陶器的陶衣与掺合料研究

A study of the coating and tempering material of pottery from the Guangfulin site

广富林出土部分夹砂陶器经拉曼光谱检测显示掺有圆形铁质(Fe2O3)颗粒物,EDS能谱及岩相分析表明该种铁质颗粒物的掺入一定程度上促进了掺合料与陶胎界面液相的形成。掺有铁质颗粒物陶器的成分与泥质陶有显著差异,可能为广富林当地陶土与广富林当地河流中的细泥沙混合使用。泥质黑陶外层黑色陶衣与内层结构一致,应采用了渗碳工艺。部分夹砂陶器较厚的外表面经XRF成分测试发现其元素组成与内部差异较小,且理论烧成温度与内部一致,其双层结构应为烧制过程中内外受热不均所致。广富林时期夹砂陶与泥质黑陶的烧制可能使用了不同类型的陶窑。

Raman spectroscopy analysis shows that the ceramics tempered with sands from the Guangfulin site contain rounded-shaped iron nodules(Fe2 O3).EDS and petrological analyses further indicate that the inclusion of such iron nodules to some extent catalysts the formation of the liquified facet between the tempering material and clay paste of the pottery.The composition of the ceramics with iron nodules is markedly different from that of ceramics with fine clay paste.It is clear that the raw material for the production of this type of ceramics came from local clay and silt and fine sand from local rivers.The black coatings of the inner and outer surfaces of the black pottery with fine clay paste are similar in structure.They both were produced by the carburization technology.According to our XRF analysis,the thick outer surface of some ceramics tempered with sands shows minor difference from their inner surface in elemental composition.The firing temperatures of the inner and outer surfaces are also the same.Therefore,it can be surmised that the double-layered structure of this type of pottery was caused by uneven heating on the inner and outer surfaces when the pottery was being fired.Pottery tempered with sands and the black-coloured pottery with fine clay paste of the Guangfulin culture period were produced in different types of kilns.