中国古代监察权的监督与制约及当代启示

Supervision and Restriction of Supervisory Power in Ancient China and its Contemporary Enlightenment

监察权的监督与制约作为监察制度设计中的重要内容,是影响监察权有效运行的重要因素。古代君主十分重视对监察权进行监督与制约,赋予监察官员秩卑权重、对监察者实行再监察、对监察官员实行厚赏重罚、严明监察活动规范。古代监察权的监督与制约为当前监察体制改革提供重要的借鉴与启示:监察权的独立性是监督与制约制度设计的前提与基础;多元化的监察体制与一元化的监察权之间存在不易调和的矛盾与冲突;监察权与行政权应具有清晰的权力行使边界;加强监察官的自身政治修养及专业素质,更须强调对其实行外部监督与制约。

As an important part of the design of supervision system,the supervision and restriction of supervisory power is an important factors effecting the effective operation of supervision power.The ancient monarchs attached great importance to the supervision and restriction of the supervisory power,gave the supervision officials rank and inferiority weight,re-supervised the supervisors,imposed heavy rewards and punishments on the supervision officials,and strictly regulated the supervision activities.The supervision and restriction of the ancient supervision power provides important reference and inspiration for the current reform supervision system:The independence of supervision power is the premise and foundation of the design of supervision and restriction system;there are contradictions and conflicts between the pluralistic supervision system and the unitary supervision power;supervision power and administrative power should have a clear boundary of power exercise;to strengthen the political accomplishment and professional quality of supervisors,it is necessary to emphasize external supervision and restriction.