饲料中猪肉骨粉替代鱼粉对芙蓉鲤鲫生长性能、血液生理生化、肌肉组成及质构特性的影响

EFFECTS OF DIETARY FISHMEAL REPLACEMENT WITH MEAT AND BONE MEAL ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BLOOD PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICES, MUSCLE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND TEXTURE CHARACTERISTICS IN JUVENILE FURONG CRUCIAN CARP(FURONG CARP♀× RED CRUCIAN CARP

以初始体重(17.47±2.56)g的芙蓉鲤鲫为研究对象,通过8周的生长实验,研究在饲料中无害化处理产品猪肉骨粉(以下简称肉骨粉)替代鱼粉蛋白对芙蓉鲤鲫生长性能、血液生理生化指标、肌肉组成及质构特性的影响。实验设置3种等氮(38%)等脂(6%)饲料,以肉骨粉替代饲料中鱼粉蛋白的0(FM)、50%(T1)、100%(T2)。结果显示:(1)芙蓉鲤鲫的生长性能在各处理组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05);(2)随着饲料中肉骨粉含量的升高,芙蓉鲤鲫饲料系数呈增大趋势,当替代比例达到100%时显著大于对照组(FM,P<0.05);(3)芙蓉鲤鲫替代组血红蛋白含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),谷草转氨酶呈下降趋势,当替代水平达到100%时显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而其他血液生理生化指标各处理组间无显著性差异(P>0.05);(4)肉骨粉替代鱼粉蛋白对芙蓉鲤鲫背肌粗蛋白质、水分和灰分含量无显著性影响(P>0.05),但对其脂肪含量有一定影响,50%替代组背肌粗脂肪含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05);(5)肉骨粉替代50%鱼粉蛋白显著降低了芙蓉鲤鲫背肌中Asp、Glu、Gly、Ala、Val、Met、Ile、Leu、Tyr、Phe、ΣEAA、ΣDAA、ΣTAA含量(P<0.05)。(6)肉骨粉替代鱼粉蛋白提高了芙蓉鲤鲫肌肉弹性和黏附性,且50%替代组显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明,猪肉骨粉能替代芙蓉鲤鲫幼鱼饲料中100%鱼粉蛋白(饲料中鱼粉含量为10%)而对鱼体的生长、血液指标、肌肉组成及质构特性无显著不利影响。

An 8-week growth experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary replacement of fish meal protein with meat and bone meal(MBM)on growth performance,feed utilization,blood physiological and biochemical indices,muscle chemical composition and texture characteristics in juvenile Furong crucian carp(Furong carp♀×red crucian carp♂)[initial body weight of(17.47±2.56)g].Three isonitrogenous(crude protein:38%)and isolipidic(Crude lipid:6.5%)diets were formulated with 0,50%and 100%dietary fish meal protein replaced by MBM(designated FM,T1 and T2).The results showed that,no significant differences were found in weight gain rate(WGR),specific growth rate(SGR)and feeding rate(FR)among the FM,T1 and T2 groups(P>0.05),while the feed conversion ratio(FCR)of the FM group was significantly higher than that of the T2 group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in blood physiological and serum biochemical indices,except for the hemoglobin(HGB)and aspartic amino transferase(AST).The HGB content in the T1 and T2 groups,was significantly higher than that in the FM group(P<0.05).On the other hand,AST showed a downward trend with the increasing proportion of dietary MBM,and the AST of the T2 group was significantly higher than that of the FM group.The crude lipid content of the dorsal muscle in the T1 group was significantly lower than that in the FM group.Meanwhile,with the replacement of dietary fish meal with MBM,the Asp,Glu,Gly,Ala,Val,Met,Ile,Leu,Tyr,Phe,ΣEAA,ΣDAA andΣTAA contents of dorsal muscle were decreased,while the elasticity and adhesion of dorsal muscle were increased.In summary,MBM is an acceptable alternative animal protein source for Furong crucian carp,and 100%dietary fish meal could be replaced by MBM without significantly adverse effects on the growth of Furong crucian carp.