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煤炭生态地质勘查基本构架与科学问题 被引量:47

Basic configuration and scientific problems of coal eco-geological survey
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摘要 基于煤盆地矿产资源与生态环境地质特征,以实现煤盆地多资源协同勘查开发与资源开发中生态环境和谐为目标,提出了煤炭生态地质勘查的理念与基本构架。煤炭生态地质勘查是指以煤炭地质基础理论和生态学理论为指导,针对煤盆地呈固、液、气、元素“四态”赋存的矿产资源、地表及地下空间关键层位、生态环境与其他自然资源,采用空、天、地一体化的多种勘查技术,涵盖资源勘查、开发地质保障、资源开发与环境保护、资源综合利用、生态修复与生态系统重构并贯穿于煤炭资源勘查开发到矿山闭坑全过程的相关地质与生态勘查工作。煤炭生态地质勘查是今后煤炭地质勘查工作的重要发展方向,核心理念是生态保护优先。基于煤炭生态地质勘查理念,以煤系矿产资源和水资源、地质关键层以及生态环境保护、监测、修复相关的主要地理要素、地质信息为对象,建立了煤炭生态地质勘查基本架构,分析了煤炭地质勘查工作向资源保障和环境保护与生态建设相结合的生态地质勘查方向转变的紧迫性。研究认为:煤炭生态地质勘查要统筹好资源保障与生态环境的关系,超前规划布局,优选遥感、快速精准钻探、高精度地球物理勘探等绿色勘查技术“空天地一体化”协同应用。根据煤盆地资源赋存特征选用煤与多种矿产资源的双目标、三目标、四目标、多目标协同勘查模式,同时在资源勘查、资源开采、采后修复全过程中注重地质关键层和生态环境信息的变化,实施环境保护与生态修复措施,并通过地质大数据分析技术,集成多维数据展示勘查成果,实现对煤系多种矿产资源、生态环境地质信息、开发地质条件的透明化、数字化。 In order to achieve the harmony of ecological environment in the multi-resource collaborative exploration and development of coal basins,this paper proposes the concept and basic configuration of coal eco-geological survey based on the resources and environmental geological characteristics of coal basins.Under the guidance of coal geology and ecology theories,in coal eco-geological exploration,it needs to analyze the mineral resources that are deposited in the“four states”of solid,liquid,gas and elements,key layers of surface and underground space,local ecological environment and ecosystems,using integrated ground-air-space exploration techniques.Its scope refers to the relevant geological and ecological exploration work of resource exploration,mining geological work,resource development and environmental protection,comprehensive utilization of resources,ecological restoration and ecosystem reconstruction,which runs through the entire process from coal resource exploration and development to the shutdown and reuse of coal mines.Coal eco-geological survey is an important direction of coal geological survey in the future,and its core ideology is the priority of ecological protection.Based on the concept of coal eco-geological survey,the basic configuration of coal eco-geological survey is further established,focusing on the main geographical elements and geological information about coal-derived mineral resources,water resources and geological key layers,as well as environmental protection,monitoring and ecological restoration as the object.It is urgent to promote the transformation of coal geological survey to eco-geological survey by considering the resource security,environmental protection and ecological construction.This study also suggests that coal eco-geological survey should coordinate the relationship between resource security and ecological environment,advance planning layout,and preferably use integrated ground-air-space green survey technologies covering remote sensing,rapid precision drilling,and high-precision geophysical exploration.The collaborative exploration mode of coal and other mineral resources should be selected according to the resource characteristics of coal basins.Typical modes include the bi-objective,tri-objective and tetra-objective collaborative exploration.Meanwhile,the implementation of environmental protection and ecological restoration measures depends on the changes of geological key layers and eco-environment information in the whole process of resource exploration,resource exploitation and post-mining restoration.Moreover,after adopting the technology of geological data analysis,the survey results demonstrated by multidimensional data can be integrated.Finally,the transparency and digitization of various mineral resources,environmental geological information and the geological conditions for resource development can be achieved.
作者 王佟 孙杰 江涛 林中月 张博 赵欣 谢志清 WANG Tong;SUN Jie;JIANG Tao;LIN Zhongyue;ZHANG Bo;ZHAO Xin;XIE Zhiqing(China Administration of Coal Geology,Beijing 100038,China;School of Geology and Environment,Xi’an University of Science&Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;General Prospecting Institute,China Administration of Coal Geology,Beijing 100039,China;Zhejiang Coal Geology Bureau,China Administration of Coal Geology,Hangzhou 310017,China;State Key Laboratory for Coal Resources and Safe Mining,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)
出处 《煤炭学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2020年第1期276-284,共9页 Journal of China Coal Society
基金 国家大型煤炭基地开发潜力研究资助项目 新时代生态地质勘查模式研究资助项目
关键词 煤炭 煤系矿产 生态地质勘查 基本架构 勘查技术 coal coal-derived minerals eco-geological exploration basic configuration prospecting technology
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