绿色农业背景下上海市农业生态安全评价

Evaluation of Agricultural Ecological Security of Shanghai City under the Background of Green Agriculture

文章在绿色农业背景下参照PRS模型的理论框架,探索性地构建具有绿色农业和都市地区农业特征的生态安全指标体系,运用熵权法和加权函数法计算上海市农业生态安全指数,并利用"障碍度"诊断模型对上海市农业生态安全的阻碍因素进行探讨,得出以下结论:受到压力层、状态层和响应层子系统安全指数的综合影响,农业生态综合安全指数在2000-2008年存在下降趋势,随后以年均3.42%的速率保持增长态势;农用塑料薄膜使用量、农用柴油使用量、节水灌溉率、有效实灌率、第一产业增加值占地区生产总值比重五项指标在2017年对农业生态安全的障碍度均超过10%,是影响上海市农业生态安全的主要障碍因素,上海市农业生态安全的主要威胁来自压力层和状态层子系统。因此,减少农业污染物排放量、提高农业生产效率、缩小城乡收入差距等措施,有利于提高农业生态安全指数。

The agro-ecological safety of Shanghai was evaluated by constructing an ecological safety index system with green agriculture and urban characteristics of agriculture, and provide theoretical support for Shanghai to build green agriculture and carry out agricultural ecological management activities. The index system was constructed with reference to the theoretical framework of the PRS model. The agro-ecological safety index was calculated using the entropy weight method and the weighted function method, and the main obstacles to the agricultural ecological security in Shanghai were analyzed using the "obstacle degree" diagnostic model. The results showed that the agro-ecological comprehensive safety index had a downward trend from 2000 to 2008, and then maintained a growth rate at an average annual rate of 3.42%.The use of agricultural plastic film, agricultural diesel, water-saving irrigation rate, effective irrigation rate, and the added value of the primary industry accounted for five indicators of regional GDP. The obstacles to agricultural ecological security in 2017 exceeded 10%. It was the main obstacle affecting Shanghai′s agricultural ecological security. The main threat to Shanghai′s agricultural ecological security came from the pressure layer and the state layer subsystem. Measures such as reducing pollution emissions from agricultural production, improving agricultural production efficiency, and reducing urban-rural income gaps are conducive to raising the agricultural ecological security index.