硬头黄竹花的形态与结构研究

Studies on Flower Morphology and Structure of Bambusa rigida

[目的]研究硬头黄竹花(Bambusarigidd)的基本形态结构及胚胎发育规律,为其胚胎学积累原始资料,为育种工作打下基础。[方法]通过解剖与形态观察的方法,对硬头黄竹生殖器官、抱子发生及雌雄配子体的发育过程进行解剖观察。[结果]硬头黄竹小穗为假小穗,簇生,基部具潜伏芽,平均长度为3.75 cm,有3~7朵小花。小花内外稈各1片,浆片3枚,雌蕊1枚,雄蕊6枚。雌蕊为三分枝羽毛状柱头。子房长卵圆形,具明显纵向三棱。子房单室,侧膜胎座、倒生胚珠。正常发育的花粉粒为二细胞花粉,花药壁造抱细胞时期为四层药壁,花药成熟时只剩两层药壁。绒毡层为分泌型,花药成熟时,绒毡层完全退化。花药易见发育异常现象,形成不同的败育类型。[结论]硬头黄竹小穗基本结构发育正常,但花药发育后期会大量出现异常现象,这是导致硬头黄竹结实率低的主要原因。

[Objective]The morphological structure and embryonic development of Bambusa rigida flower organs were studied,in order to provide data for the bamboo embryology and lay a foundation for breeding.[Method]The structure of reproductive organs,megasporogenesis,microsporogenesis and the development of male and female gametophyte of Bambusa rigida were invesgated using anatomical method and morphological observation.[Result]The spikelet of B.rigida was cluster pseudospikelets,with latent bud at the base and a mean length of 3.75 cm,and each spikelet contained 3-7 florets.Each floret contained 1 lemma and 1 palea,3 lodicules,1 pistil and 6 stamens.The stigma of pistils had three feather-like stigmas.The ovary was long ellipse with an apparently trigonous appearence.The ovary was unilocular,lateral membranous placenta and with an anatropous ovule.The normally developed pollen grains were 2-celled pollen,the sporogenous cells of anther wall were 4-celled,and there were only 2-celled pollen walls when anther matured.The tapetum was secretory and degenerates completely when the anthers were matured.Anthers were prone to abnormal development,forming different types of abortion.[Conclusion]The anatomical structure of B.rigida spikelets is normal,but the abortion phenomenon was observed in a great number of pollens.This is the main reason for the low seed setting percentage of B.rigida.