不同氮磷钾施肥量对平欧杂种榛光合性能及产量品质的影响

Effects of Different NPK Fertilizer Application Rates on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Yield and Quality of Corylus heterophylla×C avellana

[目的]以新疆9年生的平欧杂种榛为研究对象,探讨氮、磷、钾不同施肥量对平欧杂种榛光合特性、产量和品质的影响,为新疆榛子产业发展提供合理施肥依据。[方法]采用“3414”田间肥料效应试验,测定氮、磷、钾不同施肥配比条件下对果仁膨大期榛子叶片的叶绿素含量和叶绿素最大光能转化效率的日变化及对产量和品质的响应。[结果]表明:平欧杂种榛的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)随着N肥的增加而增加;T5(N2PK2)对Fo、Fv和丽有显著调控作用;T9(N2P2Kj)榛果的纵径、横径、侧径、单果质量、果仁质量及出仁率比Tj(NoPoKo)分别平均增加9.96%、9.77%、11.99%、31.94%、10.13%和5.56%,粗脂肪和粗蛋白比Ti分别平均增加11.56%和16.67%。[结论]在新疆土壤养分中等条件下,N、P2O5、K2O施肥量纯量分别为1205.6、485.00、329.3 kg·hm^-2榛果达到了优质高产,有利于提高新疆平欧杂种榛的经济效益。

:[Objective]To discuss the effects of fertilizing amount of N,P and K on photosynthetic characteristics,yield and quality of Corylus heterophylla x C.avellana,thus providing rational fertilization basis for the development of hazelnut industry in Xinjiang.[Method]"3414"field fertilizer effect test was used to determine the response of diurnal variation of chlorophyll content and chlorophyll maximum light energy conversion efficiency,the yield and quality of hazelnut leaves to different fertilization proportions of N,P and K during nut swelling period.[Result]It showed that the chlorophyll relative content(SPAD)of C.heterophylla × C.avellana increased with the increase of N fertilizer and decreased with the increase of P fertilizer;T5(N2PiK2)had a significantly regulating effect on the values of Fo and Fm,T9(N2PiK2)significantly affected the value of Fv\the vertical diameter,transverse diameter,lateral diameter,single fruit quality,nut quality and nut yield of T9 increased by 9.96%,9.77%,11.99%,31.94%,10.13%and 8.30%respectively;the crude fat and crude protein increased by an average of 11.56%and 16.67%.[Conclusion]Under the soil condition of middle level in Xinjiang,when the scalar fertilizing amounts ofN,P2O5 and K2O are 1205.6 kg·hm^-2,485.00 kg·hm^-2 and 329.3 kg·hm^-2,respectively,high quality and high yield of hazelnut can be achieved,which is conductive to improving the economic benefit of C.heterophylla×C.avellana.