国家治理视野下的高等教育治理变迁——高等教育治理的变与不变

Changes in Higher Education Governance from the Perspective of National Governance:Change and Unchangeability in Higher Education Governance

中国高等教育治理变迁70年,大致经历了中国高等教育制度的探索与建立(1949~1977年)、中国高等教育办学体制和管理体制改革(1978~2011年)以及以治理体系和治理能力现代化改革为旨归(2012至今)三个阶段。从70年的治理变迁中不难发现,我国高等教育改革发展呈现出鲜明的中国特征,主要体现为:始终坚持和完善党的领导、政府政策始终发挥主导作用、高等学校内部治理的基本制度框架始终是党委领导下的校长负责制等。这些相关治理制度在高等教育实践中不断形成、确立、完善和定型,并逐渐成为中国高等教育治理的根本制度。同时,在这70年中,中国高等教育治理在高等学校的法律地位、学术权力在高等教育治理中的作用以及全球化背景下中国高等教育治理方式等三个方面都发生了转变。未来,在国家治理视域下,中国高等教育治理应着重考虑如何将制度优势转化为治理效能。

In the past 70 years,China's higher education governance has experienced three stages of change:the exploration and establishment of China's higher education system(1949-1977),the reform of China's higher education system and management system(1978-2011),and the modernization of governance system and governance capacity(2012-present).The governance changes in the past 70 years show that the reform and development of China's higher education offers distinct Chinese characteristics,which are mainly typified in adhering to,and improving the Party leadership,the leading role of government policies,the basic institutional framework of internal governance of higher education institutions,the president responsibility system under the leadership of the Party Committee.These related governance systems have been continuously formed,established,improved,and shaped in the practice of higher education,and have gradually become the fundamental system of higher education governance in China.In addition,the governance of higher education in China has changed at least in three aspects;the legal status of higher education institutions,the role of academic power in the governance of higher education,and the governance mode of higher education.In the future,from the perspective of national governance,China's higher education governance should focus on how to transform the institutional advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics into governance effectiveness.