创造与保护: 为什么需要更多的再分配

Creation and Protection:Why Do We Need More Redistribution?

迄今为止,中国在改革开放发展分享方面的经验以及全球性收入分配恶化带来的社会不稳定和政治分化现象都证明了经济学传统观点即坚信经济增长可以自动解决收入分配问题,或者把效率与公平视为非此即彼且不可兼得的取舍关系的失灵。然而,中国改革开放发展分享的任务尚未完成。在迈向高收入阶段的过程中继续保持经济发展的充分分享性需要应对一系列崭新的挑战。这表现在三个方面:首先,进入高质量发展阶段后,提高生产率必然要求创造性破坏机制发挥更大作用,需要同时兼顾企业的优胜劣汰与对劳动者的社会化保护。其次,劳动力市场的初次分配效应呈现递减趋势,需要更好地发挥作用。最后,新科技革命过程中,创新和创业成果的分享面临诸多难点需要克服。这都要求政府在基本公共服务供给中承担更大的支出责任,以更大的政策力度实施再分配政策,包括社会保障、劳动力市场制度、收入分配政策以及其他旨在改善民生的基本公共服务。

In contrast to the widespread economic turmoil,social instability and politi⁃cal divide resulting from inequality in the present world,China has experienced suc⁃cessful progress in reform,opening⁃up,growth,and sharing.Both experiences prove wrong the conventional wisdom of mainstream economics,which presumes the trickle⁃down effect of economic growth and the trade⁃off between efficiency and equity.As China transitions towards the high income status,in order to maintain the synchroniza⁃tion between development and sharing,the following challenges have to be addressed.First,to increase productivity requires the mechanism of creative destruction,which inevitably involves displacement of workers.Secondly,in the new stage of develop⁃ment,the function of labor market in primary distribution tends to scale back.In re⁃sponse to the challenges,the government should strengthen redistribution by means of social security programs,labor market institutions,income distribution policies,and other basic public services aiming to improve the livelihood of people.