新疆南疆阿拉尔垦区主栽陆地棉品种(系)棉铃发育的特征

Study on Boll Development of Main Upland Cotton Varieties (Lines) in Alar Reclamation Area of Southern Xinjiang

【目的】研究新疆南疆阿拉尔垦区主栽陆地棉品种(系)棉铃发育的特性。【方法】以新陆中82号、新陆中70号以及品系15-1242为材料,分别于2018年7月7日、7月14日和7月21日挂花,每隔7 d取一次。【结果】棉铃干重表现为15-1242>新陆中70号>新陆中82号,7月7日>7月14日>7月21日。3个铃型指标快速增长停止时间都与单铃干重呈显著正相关关系;铃长度对单铃干物重的影响最大,其次是棉铃体积和直径;棉铃长度对体积的增大起直接的作用,而直径通过间接作用影响体积的增大。三个材料棉铃各组分干物质积累分配表现为,铃壳率降低最快的是中新陆中70号,从65%至20%;纤维率和种子率上升最快的是新陆中70号,分别在17%~37%和16%~41%以上。棉铃各组分干物质积累特征曲线特性表现为,铃壳所需的时间最短、种子居中、纤维最长。【结论】在棉铃干物质积累旺盛期,种子和纤维的正常发育对棉花单铃重的形成至关重要,直接影响棉花的最终产量。新陆中70号的单铃重、体积和干物质积累分配在三个材料中综合表现最好。

【Objective】To understand the characteristics of cotton boll development in the main land cotton in this area.【Methods】Xinluzhong 82,Xinluzhong 70 and strains 15-1242 were used as materials,and flowers were hanged on July 7,July 14,and July 21,respectively,every 7 days.【Results】The test showed that the dry weight of cotton bolls was 15-1242>Xinluzhong 70>Xinluzhong 82,7>14>21.The rapid growth stop time of the three bell-type indicators was significantly positively correlated with the dry weight of the single bell;the length of the bell had the greatest influence on the dry weight of the single bell,followed by the volume and diameter of the boll;the length of the boll played a direct role in the increase of the volume.And the diameter affectedthe volume increase by indirect action.The dry matter accumulation and distribution of the cotton bolls of the three materials showed that the fastest decrease in the shell rate was 65%to 20%,and the fastest increase in the fiber rate and seed rate was Xinluzhong 70,from 17%to 37%and 16%to 41%,respectively.The dry matter accumulation characteristic curve of each component of cotton bolls showedthat the bell shell requiredthe shortest time,the seed was centered,and the fiber was the longest.During the vigorous accumulation of cotton bolls,the normal development of seeds and fibers was critical to the formation of cotton single boll weight,which directly affectedthe final yield of cotton.【Conclusion】The single boll weight,volume and dry matter accumulation distribution of Xinluzhong 70 were the best in the three materials.