扁桃-冬小麦间作模式下树体结构、光环境和小麦产量间的相关性

Correlation Analysis between Tree Structure, Light Environment and Wheat Yield of Almond-Winter Wheat Intercropping Mode

【目的】研究果粮间作模式下,扁桃树体结构指标与间作区域光环境指标、光环境指标与间作冬小麦产量构成指标的相关关系,为新疆南疆果粮间作模式下冬小麦产量的预估、高光效树形的选择和优化提供理论依据。【方法】以扁桃-冬小麦(新冬20号)间作模式为研究对象,测定不同树形树体结构指标、间作区域光环境指标和小麦产量构成指标;分析产量指标与光环境指标的相关性、树体结构指标与间作区域光环境指标的相关性、树体结构指标与扁桃负载量的相关性。【结果】新疆南疆地区扁桃-冬小麦间作模式下,小麦单位面积有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重分别与拔节期、扬花期和灌浆期PAR强度呈极显著正相关关系;小麦千粒重和单穗粒重与灌浆期日平均光照强度、及400~1400μmol/(m ^2·s)PAR持续时长呈极显著正相关关系;树体负载量与树冠体积、树冠投影面积和平均冠幅等指标呈极显著正相关关系;冠高与树体西侧冠下株间区光照指标显著相关,冠幅对树体西侧冠下株间区和远冠区2个区域光照指标显著相关。【结论】灌浆期400~1400μmol/(m ^2·s)PAR的持续时长和冠幅可以作为新疆南疆地区果粮间作模式下,小麦产量预估、评级及高光效树形筛选的主要评价指标。

【Objective】In this article,the correlation between almond tree canopy structure index and intercropping regional light environment index and between the light environment index and intercropping winter wheat yield composition index were studied in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the prediction of winter wheat yield,selection and optimization of tree shape with high light efficiency under the fruit-grain intercropping mode in southern Xinjiang.【Method】Using almond-winter wheat(Xindong 20)intercropping system as research materials to investigated the tree structure index of different tree forms and the PAR daily variation trend in different intercropping area.And the correlation between yield index of winter wheat grain and environment light index,the correlation between environment light index and tree structure index,the correlation between tree structure index and almond yield capacity were analyzed.【Result】In the mode of almond winter wheat intercropping system in southern Xinjiang,the index of gain yield of efficient panicle of unit-acreage,grain number per spike and 1,000-grain weight were positively correlated with PAR strength at jointing,flowering and grouting stages respectively;the index of 1,000-grain weight and grain weight per spike were positively correlated with average daily light intensity and duration of 400-1400μmol/(m ^2·s)of PAR at grouting stage;there was a significant positive correlation between tree load and canopy volume,canopy projected area and average canopy width;the crown height was significantly correlated with the light index in the sub-canopy area on the west side of the tree,and the crown width was significantly correlated with the light index in the sub-canopy area and the far canopy area on the west side of the tree.【Conclusion】The indexes of duration time of 400-1400μmol/(m ^2·s)of PAR during the grouting stage and crown width can be used as the main evaluation indexes for wheat yield estimation,and high light efficiency tree selection under the intercropping mode in southern Xinjiang.