果蝇胶质细胞在神经系统的功能研究进展

Research Progress on the Functions of Glial Cells in the Nervous System of Drosophila

胶质细胞是一类广泛存在于神经系统的细胞,但其在神经系统的功能作用尚不太清楚。果蝇神经系统中也存在多种的胶质细胞,包括表面胶质细胞(Surface glia)、皮质胶质细胞(Cortex glia)、类星形胶质细胞(Astrocyte-like glia)、神经节包裹型胶质细胞(Ensheathing glia)和轴突包裹型胶质细胞(Wrapping glia)。本综述介绍果蝇胶质细胞研究的近期进展,研究表明果蝇胶质细胞能激活神经干细胞分裂,维持神经干细胞的存活,促进视叶神经上皮细胞的增殖。胶质细胞还能维持神经元的存活,以及促进轴突的形成、聚束和正常的投射。此外,胶质细胞还具有清除凋亡神经细胞的作用。

Glial cells are widely present in the nervous system,but their functional roles in the nervous system are not yet clear.There are several types of glial cells in Drosophila including surface glia,cortex glia,astrocyte-like glia,ensheathing glia and wrapping glia.Here I review the recent research progress in Drosophila glial cell biology,and the results show that glial cells can activate silent neuroblasts,maintain the survival of neuroblasts,and promote the proliferation of neuroepithelial cells in the optic lobes.Glial cells also promote the survival of neurons,and the formation,fasciculation and projection of axons.Glial cells are capable of removing apoptotic neurons.