有关思维模式的英汉差异

English-Chinese Differences and Modes of Thinking

英汉两种语言关涉思维模式的差异,作者认为主要表现在三个方面:1)英语to be还是not to be,这是首要问题;汉语"有"还是"无",这是首要问题。思维模式上,前者重视静态的"存在"、"恒在",后者重视动态的"存现"、"变在"。2)英语noun和verb是分立关系,概念上"物"和"事"分立;汉语名词和动词是包含关系,名词包含动词,概念上"物"包含"事"。这代表中西方两种不同的范畴观,西方视"甲乙分立"为常态,中国视"甲乙包含"为常态。3)英语主要靠subject-predicate structure即"主谓结构"完形明义,汉语主要用"对言格式"(duispeech format)完形明义、完形生义。这分别体现两种互补的思维方式--演绎思维和类比思维。文章着重说明这三个方面的内在联系,意在增强英汉对比研究的深透性和系统性。

The author claims that there are three aspects of English-Chinese differences which are connected with modes of thinking:(1) while to be or not to be is the fundamental question in English, to have("you") or not to have("wu") is the major question in Chinese;(2) while class distinction is deemed as a rule in English, class inclusion is taken as normality in Chinese;and(3)while subject-predicate structure results in deductive inference in English, parallel structure(duispeech format) leads to analogic thinking in Chinese. The internal relations among the three aspects are emphasized to enhance profoundness and systematization of English-Chinese contrastive studies.