相邻对结构的社会规范性

Adjacency Pair as a Social Norm

相邻对是言谈应对最基本的序列组织,也是一种特定的社会规范,而"提问-回答"就是一种简单而常见的相邻对。面对执行信息寻求的"提问",答者以"不知道"进行的回应实际上并不是对提问的真正回答,而仅仅是对不能给出答案的解释。那么,这样的回应是否能够满足交际的需求,并维护言语交际背后的社会规范呢?本文采用会话分析的研究方法,以自然发生的汉语日常交际为语料,探讨交际者使用以"‘不知道’+弱化回答"回应信息寻求类提问这一语言/社会现象。研究发现,"‘不知道’+弱化回答"是答者在言谈应对过程中建构的一种会话常规,该常规显性地满足了"提问-回答"相邻对的基本序列结构,遵循了其背后的社会规范。

Adjacency pair as the minimal sequence organization is itself a social norm, and questioning/answer is a simple and common adjacency pair. Faced with an information-seeking questioning, the answerers response of"bù zhīdào"(literally I dont know)is simply an account for the answerers failure to provide the answer. Then can responses of this type meet the requirements of communication so as to construct and reflect the related social norm? Based on daily conversations in Mandarin, the present research adopts conversation analysis to probe into this interactional and social phenomenon of "bù zhīdào + downgraded answer" as response to questioning. Detailed analyses prove that the answerer s"bù zhīdào + downgraded answer"is a methodic conversational practice, and it embodies the orderliness of adjacency pair as a communicative phenomenon and as a social norm.