新烟碱类农药在土壤中环境行为的研究进展

Research progress on environmental behaviors of neonicotinoids in the soil

目前新烟碱类农药已占据了世界最大的杀虫剂市场份额,同时土壤是该类农药进入环境系统的源头,厘清其在土壤中的环境行为对探索新烟碱类农药的环境归趋和生态评价均具有重要的意义.本文总结并梳理了新烟碱类农药在土壤中主要环境行为的研究现状,包括吸附、解吸及降解行为;分析了农药本身性质、土壤成分及类型、pH值、温度、含水量等因子对该类农药吸附和解吸的影响机制;同时探讨了降解土壤新烟碱类农药的微生物菌群、光解和水解机理,并对新烟碱类农药未来的研究重点和方向提出了展望.

Neonicotinoids have occupied the largest market share of pesticides in the world,soil is the source for neonicotinoids to enter the environmental system.Understanding the environmental behaviors of neonicotinoids in the soil is significant for exploring the environmental fate and ecological evaluation.The environmental behaviors of neonicotinoids in the soil were summarized and discussed,including adsorption,desorption and degradation.The influence mechanisms of the environmental factors was mainly analyzed,including physicochemical properties of neonicotinoids,soil composition and types,pH,temperature and water content.Moreover,the mechanisms of biodegradation,photolysis and hydrolysis were also analyzed.In the end,the future emphasis and direction of research on neonicotinoids were provided.