滇西北高等植物多样性分布格局及其与主要环境因子的相关性分析

Distribution Pattern and Correlation With Main Environmental Factors of Higher Plant Diversity in Northwest Yunnan

物种多样性的空间分布格局一直是宏观生态学和生物地理学研究的热点问题之一。滇西北地区是我国生物多样性最丰富的地区之一,研究该地区的物种多样性分布格局及其与主要环境因子的相关性对生物多样性保护决策具有重要意义。以滇西北18个县域为基本研究单元,基于县域生物多样性本底调查数据,运用ArcGIS 10.1软件分析高等植物多样性分布格局;并结合地理因子(经度、纬度、海拔高差、平均海拔)和气候因子(年均温度、年均降水量),采用SPSS Statistics 22.0软件,运用单因素线性回归模型分析物种多样性与各因子之间的相关性。结果表明:(1)滇西北地区高等植物多样性从南到北总体上呈递增趋势;(2)纬度和海拔高差与物种多样性分布格局呈显著相关(P<0.05);而经度、平均海拔、年均温度和年均降水量与物种多样性分布格局的相关性未达显著水平(P>0.05)。因此,滇西北地区高等植物多样性分布格局可能主要与纬度和海拔高差这2个地理因子相关。

The spatial distribution pattern of species diversity has always been one of the research hotspots in macroecology and biogeography.Northwest Yunnan is one of the regions with the richest biodiversity in China,and the re searches on distribution pattern of species diversity and its correlation with main environmental factors have great signifi cance for decision making on biodiversity conservation.18 counties in Northwest Yunnan were taken as basic research u nits,based on the county biodiversity background survey data,and ArcGIS 10.1 software was applied to analyze the diver sity and distribution pattern of higher plants for each unit.Furthermore,linear regression analysis was performed to deter mine the relationship between species density and influencing factors including geographical factors[longitude(LONG),latitude(LAT),altitudinal variation(VALT),average altitude(ALT)]and climatic factors[mean annual temperature(MAT),mean annual precipitation(MAP)].All statistical analyses were performed by using the SPSS Statistics 22.0 software.It has been found that:(1)The diversity of higher plants increases from south to north in Northwest Yunnan;(2)LAT and VALT have significant correlation on the distribution pattern of higher plants diversity;while the correlation with other factors,including LONG,ALT,MAT and MAP,is not significant with higher plants diversity in this region.As a result,it indicates that the distribution pattern of higher plant diversity in Northwest Yunnan may be mainly related to two major geographical factors:LAT and VALT.