胶东半岛山岳道家文化景观的序列性“风景道”研究

Sequential “Landscape Routes” of Taoistic Cultural Landscape in Mountainous Areas of Jiaodong Peninsula

胶东半岛凭借三面环海的地理区位,成为道家思想的重要发源地。金元时期,内丹派全真道于此创立,使该地山岳道家文化景观得以迅速发展。在半岛特殊的自然气象、资源、地貌条件影响下,山岳道家文化景观的营造呈现出"序列性"特征,且其物象与内丹修道理论密切相关,形成诸多"山地风景道"。通过田野调查、测绘、访谈,探讨该类"风景道"的环境基底特征和文化内涵,总结"风景道"的景观层次与要素组成,并对其空间特征与要素布局进行分析。研究发掘了胶东半岛山岳道家文化景观的潜在规律,为保护当地该类景观提供新的视角,亦可为其他地域该类景观保护提供借鉴。

Jiaodong Peninsula is a major cradle of Taoism due to its unique geographical location surrounded by sea on three sides. During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, the Quanzhen Taoism sect was founded in the place, leading to the rapid development of the mountain Taoism cultural landscape. Under the influence of the special natural climate, resources and geographical condition, Taoist cultural landscape in the mountainous area presented the "sequential" characteristics, and its landscape elements were closely related to the Taoist innerDan cultivation techniques, shaping several "mountain landscape routes". Through field researches, mapping and interviews, this paper explores the environmental base characteristics and cultural connotations of the "mountain landscape routes", sums up its landscape gradation and elements composition, and analyzes its spatial characteristics and node layout. The research has discovered the underlying law for mountain Taoism cultural landscapes in Jiaodong Peninsula, which provides new perspectives for the local landscape protection and reference for other regions of likewise landscapes.