氟节胺和氟乐灵复配打顶对棉花农艺性状及抗逆性的影响

Effect of cotton topping formula, flumetralin and trifluralin,on agronomic traits and resistance of cotton

为了筛选适合于南疆机采棉田的化学打顶剂配方,于2017—2018年在新疆阿拉尔垦区开展棉田打顶试验。试验采用田间喷雾法,研究了氟节胺和氟乐灵按1∶1,2∶1,3∶1,4∶1,5∶1这5种比例喷施对棉花株型、产量和纤维品质的影响。结果表明,随着氟乐灵喷施比例增大,药后30~60 d的棉花株高增幅减小,控顶持效性增强;相反,氟节胺比例越高,棉花冠层横切面积越小,株型越紧凑。各配方中以氟节胺∶氟乐灵为3∶1处理棉花产量最高,单产可达6036±162 kg·hm-2;与人工打顶处理相比,该配方处理棉花平均株高增加7.5±1.6 cm,单产、衣分、纤维长度、纤维伸长率间无明显差异,棉叶POD酶和SOD酶活性分别提高17.8%、7.1%,对棉花抗高温胁迫能力有积极作用。

To screen suitable topping chemicals for cotton in southern Xinjiang,a cotton topping experiment was carried out in Alar cotton reclamation area in 2017 and 2018.Flumetralin and trifluralin mixed in five ratios of 1∶1,2∶1,3∶1,4∶1,and 5∶1,and the spraying effects of the mixture on plant shape,yield,and fiber quality of cotton were studied.The results showed that with the increase of trifluralin ratio,the cotton plant height increase was slow between 30 and 60 days after application,which indicated the lasting effect on cotton top increased.In contrast,with the increase of flumetralin ratio,cotton canopy size was smaller,meaning more compact plant shape.Among all the formulas,the highest cotton yield was obtained with the mixture of flumetralin and trifluralin at ratio of 3∶1,and the seed cotton yield per unit area was 6036±162 kg·hm-2.Compared with the manual topping treatment,the average plant height of cotton with the treatment of 3∶1 ratio increased by 7.5±1.6 cm,whereas,no significant differences were observed for the seed cotton yield per unit area,fiber percent,fiber length and fiber elongation,the POD and SOD in cotton leaves increased by 17.8%and 7.1%,respectively,which indicated that the 3∶1 ratio improved tolerance of cotton to high temperature stress.