微咸水膜下滴灌对土壤水盐分布及加工番茄产量的影响

Effects of drip irrigation under brackish water mulch on soil water and salt distribution and processing tomato yield

为探明微咸水膜下滴灌对土壤水盐分布及加工番茄生长和产量的影响,通过大田小区试验,设置灌水矿化度和灌水定额两个因素,其中3个灌溉水矿化度水平分别为S1:1 g·L^-1、S2:3 g·L^-1和S3:5 g·L^-1,3个灌水定额分别为W1:305 m^3·hm^-2、W2:458 m^3·hm^-2和W3:611 m^3·hm^-2,来进一步寻求适宜本地区加工番茄生长的微咸水膜下滴灌灌溉制度。结果表明:覆膜微咸水滴灌条件下土壤含水量垂直方向的变化趋势表现为0~20 cm土层随深度增加含水量逐渐降低、20~100 cm土层随深度增加含水量逐渐增大、60~100 cm范围内土层剖面含水量最大的分布规律;土壤含盐量随着灌水矿化度的增大而增加,且随着灌水量的增加土壤盐分逐渐向水平距滴灌带35 cm处聚集。灌水矿化度超过3 g·L^-1时加工番茄株高、茎粗均受到一定程度的抑制作用,但对产量影响不大。本文通过试验得出:灌水定额为611 m^3·hm^-2、矿化度为1 g·L^-1处理为本地区最佳微咸水膜下滴灌处理,加工番茄生长健壮且产量最高,达到127613.2 kg·hm^-2;同时认为,在我国淡水资源比较缺乏的新疆地区可以考虑采用灌水定额458 m^3·hm^-2和灌水矿化度3~5 g·L^-1的微咸水对盐分中等敏感的加工番茄进行灌溉。

In order to investigate the effects of drip irrigation under brackish water mulch on soil water and salt distribution and growth and yield of processing tomato,two factors,irrigation salinity and irrigation quota,were set up through field plot experiments.Among them,three irrigation water salinity levels were S1:1 g·L^-1,S2:3 g·L^-1,and S3:5 g·L^-1,and three irrigation quotas were W1:305 m^3·hm^-2,W2:458 m^3·hm^-2 and W3:611 m^3·hm^-2,respectively.We tried to find a drip irrigation system suitable for the growth of processing tomatoes in this region under brackish water mulch.The results showed that the vertical variation trend of soil water content under drip irrigation with mulched brackish water showed that the water content decreased gradually with the increase in depth from 0 to 20 cm,increased gradually with the increase in depth from 20 to 100 cm,and maximized the water content in the soil profile in the layer of 60 to 100 cm;the soil salt content increased with the increase in irrigation salinity and irrigation water content in the soil.Salt gradually accumulated at 35 cm away from the drip irrigation belt horizontally.When irrigation salinity exceeded 3 g·L^-1,plant height and stem diameter of processed tomato were inhibited to some extent,but had little effect on yield.The results showed that the irrigation quota of 611 m^3·hm^-2 and salinity of 1 g·L^-1 were the best treatments for drip irrigation under brackish water film in this area,and the processing tomatoes grew healthly and yielded the highest reaching 12763.2 kg.hm^-2.At the same time,the brackish water of 458 m^3·hm^-2 and salinity of 3~5 g·L^-1 could be considered in Xinjiang where freshwater resources were relatively scarce in China.Water irrigates processed tomatoes that are moderately sensitive to salt.