灌溉条件下燕麦不同品种的产量差异及与农艺性状的关系

Differences in yield of oat varieties and relationship with agronomic traits under irrigation conditions

燕麦是传统旱地作物,产量低而不稳,在灌溉条件下会出现倒伏等问题。为了探讨灌溉条件下高产燕麦品种对农艺性状的特殊要求,对12个燕麦品种进行了产量差异及与主要农艺性状的相关性和通径分析。结果表明,各品种的产量及基本苗、成穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、主穗长、旗叶长等农艺性状均存在显著差异,生育期、株高差异不显著,产量在3706.20~5106.30 kg·hm^-2之间,变异系数CV=10.07%,燕麦品种MF9521-281产量最高;相关性分析显示,产量与成穗数(r=0.9557)、基本苗(r=0.6761)、千粒重(r=0.5186)、株高(r=0.2634)、生育期(r=0.0964)呈正相关,与穗粒数(r=-0.4452)、主穗长(r=-0.5977)、旗叶长(r=-0.9376)呈负相关;各性状对产量的直接通径系数大小顺序为:成穗数>千粒重>穗粒数>生育期>旗叶长>基本苗>株高>主穗长。综合分析表明,灌溉条件下燕麦获得高产的理想模型是:较高的成穗数(508.05~552.75×104·hm^-2),适宜的基本苗(420.00~422.55×104·hm^-2)、千粒重(22.27~25.25 g)、株高(113.85~118.80 cm)、生育期(85 d),较小的穗粒数(46.75~50.18粒)、主穗长(18.90~19.95 cm)、旗叶长(16.50~17.60 cm)。

Oats are traditional dryland crops with low and instable yield,especially,with lodging under irrigation conditions.In order to investigate the special requirements for agronomic traits of high-yield oat varieties under irrigation conditions,the yield differences and correlations and path analysis of the main agronomic traits were carried out for 12 oat varieties.The results showed that there were significant differences in yield of oat varieties and basic seeding,spike number,grain number per spike,thousand seed weight,main spike length,flag leaf length,but no significant differences in growth period and plant height.The yield was between 3706.20~5106.30 kg·hm^-2 with a coefficient of variation,CV=10.07%.Oat variety,MF9521-281,had the highest yield.The correlation analysis showed that the yield was positively correlated with spike number(r=0.9557),basic seedling(r=0.6761),and thousand-seed-weight(r=0.5186),plant height(r=0.2634),growth period(r=0.0964),but negatively correlated with grain number per spike(r=-0.4452),main spike length(r=-0.5977),and flag leaf length(r=-0.9376).The orders of the direct path coefficients of each trait to yield were:spike number>thousand seed weight>grain number per spike>growth period>flag leaf length>basic seedling>plant height>main spike length.The comprehensive analysis showed that the ideal models of agronomic traits for high yield of oats under irrigation conditions were:higher spike number(508.05~552.75×104 hm^-2),suitable basic seedling(420.00~422.55×104 hm^-2),thousand seed weight(22.27~25.25 g),plant height(113.85~118.80 cm),growth period(85 d),smaller grain number per spike(46.75~50.18),main spike length(18.90~19.95 cm),flag leaf length(16.50~17.60 cm).