“沃得天”微肥叶面喷施对猕猴桃产量和品质的影响

Effects of foliar microelements fertilizer ‘Wodetian’ on the yield and quality of kiwifruit

验证“沃得天”微肥(一种新型微量元素水溶肥)对猕猴桃果树的喷施肥效,为陕西省猕猴桃生产提质增效提供科学依据。试验设置了喷施新型微量元素水溶肥(“沃得天”微肥1(W1)、“沃得天”微肥2(W2))、普通微量元素水溶肥(G1)、清水(当地地下水,CK1)4个处理,供试材料为“秦美”猕猴桃,田间采用完全随机区组设计,测定了叶片生长、果实产量和品质方面的指标,并综合评价了“沃得天”微肥的田间应用效果。结果表明,与对照相比,喷施W1和W2均显著提高了猕猴桃叶片的百叶重和百叶厚,百叶重分别增加22.6%和33.3%,百叶厚分别增加20%和27%;其中W2还能同时增加果实横、纵径,增幅为11.0%和12.9%,并能够显著提高叶片中Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn以及Ca的含量,其中与普通微肥相比增加Fe元素60~78 mg·kg-1。喷施W1和W2分别增加猕猴桃单果重为11.3%和8.8%,增加了果实的固酸比,其中W2果实中Vc的含量显著增加了8.6%;W1和W2还不同程度增加了果实中多种微量元素和钙的含量,优化了猕猴桃果实外观和营养品质。另外,W1和W2处理猕猴桃分别增产8.11%和5.17%,增益8.83%和5.43%,而且2种“沃得天”新型微量元素肥料对猕猴桃增产提质效果均优于市售普通微肥。因此,叶面喷施“沃得天”新型微肥可以促进陕西“秦美”猕猴桃的生长发育,并且能在一定程度上调控叶片和果实对必需微量元素的累积,在提高果实品质和增产增收及优化猕猴桃肥料管理方面效果显著。

The objective of this study was to verify the effectiveness of a new type water-soluble micro-elements fertilizer,‘Wodetian’by foliar spray on kiwifruit trees,and to provide a scientific basis for improving the kiwifruit yield and quality in Shaanxi.A field experiment was conducted in an orchard of Qinmei kiwifruit to investigate the effects of spraying three types of micro-element fertilizers(‘Wodetian’micro-fertilizer 1 as W1,‘Wodetian’micro-fertilizer 2 as W2,and a common water-soluble micro-element fertilizer as G1)on leaf growth and fruit yield and quality.A randomized complete block design was adopted for four treatments including spraying the three micro-fertilizers and local groundwater as the control(CK1).The results showed that spraying of W1 and W2 significantly increased the thicknesses of 100 kiwifruit leaves by 20%and 27%,increased the weights of 100 leaves by 22.6%and 33.3%,respectively.The W2 significantly increased the horizontal and vertical dimensions of kiwifruit leaves by 11.0%and 12.9%compared to the control.Spraying W1 and W2 also significantly increased the contents of Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn,and Ca in kiwifruit leaves,increased the Fe content by 60~78 mg·kg-1 compared with that of the G1.Moreover,spraying W1 and W2 significantly increased the weights of a single kiwifruit by 11.3%and 8.8%compared to the control,and significantly increased the soluble solids-acids ratios in kiwifruits.The W2 specially increased the content of vitamin C by 8.6%in kiwifruit.Furthermore,spraying W1 and W2 enriched the contents of micro-nutrients and Ca to various degrees,which also promoted the appearance and nutrient quality of kiwifruit.In addition,the W1 and W2 increased the kiwifruit yields by 8.11%and 5.17%,and increased the economic benefits by 8.83%and 5.43%,respectively.Particularly,the W1 and W2 were all better than the common water-soluble micro-element fertilizer in promoting the yield and quality of kiwifruit.Therefore,it indicated that the‘Wodetian’micro-fertilizer products(W1 and W2)are both remarkable in improving quality and increasing benefit.Therefore,they have significant effect to extend and be used in the main producing area of kiwifruit in Shaanxi province.