稻麦轮作制下缓释氮肥减量一次性施用效应研究

Study on the Effect of One Time Application of Slow-release Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction under Rotation System of Rice and Wheat

针对皖东地区稻麦轮作制度下氮肥减施和简化施肥需求,以普通氮肥为对照,通过2地田间小区试验,研究缓释氮肥减量一次性施用对稻麦产量、氮素吸收、氮肥利用率和经济效益的影响。结果表明,在稻麦轮作制度下缓释氮肥减量一次性施用较分次施用普通氮肥均可提高作物周年产量、氮肥利用率和纯收入,分别提高了0.3%~8.1%、5.2~9.0百分点和15.9%~76.3%。缓释氮肥减施对水稻产量具有较好的稳定效果,但个别缓释氮肥减施对小麦有减产风险。综合产量、效率、效益等因素,建议稻麦轮作制度下缓释氮肥减量10%~20%一次性施用,具有稳产增收和省工节肥的效果。

The effects of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer reduction on rice and wheat yield,nitrogen uptake,nitrogen fertilizer utilization and economic benefit were studied by using the conventional nitrogen fertilizer as control and the plot experiment in 2 fields.The results showed that the annual yield,nitrogen utilization rate and net income of the crops were increased by 0.3%-8.1%,5.2-9.0 percentage points and 15.9%-76.3%,respectively,when the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer was applied in a single application compared with the conventional nitrogen fertilizer.The reduced application of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer had a good stable effect on rice yield,but the reduced application of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer had a risk to wheat yield.Considering the factors of yield,efficiency and benefit,it was suggested that slow-release nitrogen fertilizer could be applied in one time by reducing 10%-20%under the rotation system of rice and wheat.