《蜀道难》源流与“诗史”演变

The Origin of Hard Roads in Shu and Evolution of the Poetry History

《蜀道难》乐府可溯源晋,末而今见最早作品出于南朝梁萧纲,起初是描写并展现由楚入蜀的道路之难行。稍后梁刘孝威以之写秦陇蜀道之难,引入历史人物与事迹。梁陈阴铿的同题创作,深刻影响了唐乐府《蜀道难》的演进。之后经初唐张文琮推动在盛唐李白的创作中达到巅峰。李白《蜀道难》是整个乐府旧题《蜀道难》源流发展的集大成者。自此以降,《蜀道难》成就超逸者鲜有。《蜀道难》源流实际也存在这一种写蜀道险阻的诗史现象。但相比较杜甫流离陇蜀的"诗史"本义来看,"蜀道难"和"陇道难"二者文学地理的交汇点在秦蜀道和陇蜀道的交叉处青泥岭,并产生了相当多的诗歌作品,如杜甫"诗史"的两组陇蜀纪行诗等等,但随着宋以后解释"诗史"意义的演变,《蜀道难》源流与"诗史"之说二向分离,渐行渐远。

Yue Fu Songs of Hard Roads in Shu could be traced back to the late Jin Dynasty, but the earliest works were written by Xiao Gang in the Liang of the Southern Dynasty. At first, the difficult roads from Chu to Shu were described in these songs. Later, Liu Xiaowei in the Liang of the Southern Dynasty introduced some historical figures and deeds into the writing of the hard roads in Qin(Shaanxi Province) and Long(Gansu Province). During the Liang and Chen Periods in the Southern Dynasty, Yin Keng’s creation of the same theme profoundly influenced the evolution of Hard Roads in Shu in Yue Fu Songs of the Tang Dynasty. Through Zhang Wencong’s improvement in the early Tang Dynasty, Li Bai’s creation reached its peak in the flourishing Tang Dynasty. Li Bai’s Hard Roads in Shu was the epitome of the origin and development of the old Yue Fu theme and had never surpassed before or after. The origin and development of Hard Roads in Shu had also mentioned the danger and difficulty in the poetry history of roads in Shu(Sichuan Province). However, compared with Du Fu’s original meaning of "poetry history" in Long(Gansu Province) and Shu(Sichuan Province), the intersection of Hard Roads in Shu" and "Hard Roads in Long" in literature and geography should be located at Qingniling, the intersection of Qinshu Road and Longshu Road, and quite a number of poetry works were produced such as Du Fu’s two groups of Longshu Traveling Poems in "poetry history", etc. However, with the evolution of the meaning of "poetry history" after the Song Dynasty, the origin and development of "poetry history" of Hard Roads in Shu was getting further away from the "poetry history".